Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways

  • Authors:
    • Xinchao Deng
    • Ping Zhang
    • Tingting Liang
    • Suye Deng
    • Xiaojie Chen
    • Lin Zhu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 29, 2015     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2230
  • Pages: 449-454
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests an association between cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment. Ovarian cancer stem cell (OCSC) factors can influence the tumor microenvironment and prognosis. However, the effects of OCSCs on macrophage M1/M2 polarization are not yet completely understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of OCSCs on macrophage M1/M2 polarization. In addition, we investigated whether the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is involved in these effects, thus modulating the M1/M2 differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. The expression levels of markers of the M1 state, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and CD86, as well as those of markers of M2 activation, such as mannose receptor (MR), interleukin (IL)-10 and arginase-1 (Arg-1), were measured by RT-qPCR. We found that the OCSCs promoted the M2 polarization of Raw264.7 macrophages by upregulating the expression of MR, IL-10 and Arg-1, while the expression levels of M1 macrophages markers, including TNF-α, iNOS and CD86 were suppressed. In addition, treatment with OCSCs activated PPARγ and suppressed NF-κB in the Raw264.7 cells. Furthermore, the PPARγ, antagonist GW9662, attenuated the promoting effects of OCSCs on the M2 polarization of macrophages. To the best of our knowledge, the findings of the present study, provide the first evidence that OCSCs promote the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

August-2015
Volume 36 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Deng X, Zhang P, Liang T, Deng S, Chen X and Zhu L: Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways. Int J Mol Med 36: 449-454, 2015
APA
Deng, X., Zhang, P., Liang, T., Deng, S., Chen, X., & Zhu, L. (2015). Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 36, 449-454. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2230
MLA
Deng, X., Zhang, P., Liang, T., Deng, S., Chen, X., Zhu, L."Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36.2 (2015): 449-454.
Chicago
Deng, X., Zhang, P., Liang, T., Deng, S., Chen, X., Zhu, L."Ovarian cancer stem cells induce the M2 polarization of macrophages through the PPARγ and NF-κB pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 36, no. 2 (2015): 449-454. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2230