Regulation of apolipoprotein E production in macrophages (review).

  • Authors:
    • L Larkin
    • L M Khachigian
    • W Jessup
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 1, 2000     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.6.3.253
  • Pages: 253-261
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

Apolipoprotein E (apo E), a 34 kDa component of lipoproteins produced by the liver and in circulating macrophages, plays a critical role in the reverse transport of cholesterol to the liver via the circulation. Cholesterol-rich macrophages (macrophage foam cells) are a major cell type in human atherosclerotic lesions. Apo E deficiency in mice leads to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Conversely, macrophage-specific expression of apo E in these deficient mice can reduce the extent of atherosclerosis. These observations, together with the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties of Apo E, demonstrate an atheroprotective role for the apolipoprotein. Agents that regulate macrophage metabolism are also able to modulate apo E expression. Sterol loading, for example, enhances apo E synthesis and secretion. Additionally, exposure of macrophage foam cells to cholesterol acceptors such as apo A-1, the protein component of high density lipoprotein, further enhance apo E secretion. Cytokines can have a negative regulatory effect on apo E production in macrophages. Apo E expression is controlled at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational level. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulating apo E synthesis and secretion in macrophages.

Related Articles

Journal Cover

Sep 2000
Volume 6 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Larkin L, Khachigian L and Jessup W: Regulation of apolipoprotein E production in macrophages (review).. Int J Mol Med 6: 253-261, 2000
APA
Larkin, L., Khachigian, L., & Jessup, W. (2000). Regulation of apolipoprotein E production in macrophages (review).. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 6, 253-261. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.6.3.253
MLA
Larkin, L., Khachigian, L., Jessup, W."Regulation of apolipoprotein E production in macrophages (review).". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 6.3 (2000): 253-261.
Chicago
Larkin, L., Khachigian, L., Jessup, W."Regulation of apolipoprotein E production in macrophages (review).". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 6, no. 3 (2000): 253-261. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.6.3.253