Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Strobilanthes crispa Blume extracts on nasopharyngeal cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Rhun Yian Koh
    • Yi Chi Sim
    • Hwee Jin Toh
    • Liang Kuan Liam
    • Rachael Sze Lynn Ong
    • Mei Yeng Yew
    • Yee Lian Tiong
    • Anna Pick Kiong Ling
    • Soi Moi Chye
    • Khuen Yen Ng
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 30, 2015     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4152
  • Pages: 6293-6299
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Abstract

The chemotherapeutic agents used to treat nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) exhibit low efficacy. Strobilanthes crispa Blume is widely used for its anticancer, diuretic and anti‑diabetic properties. The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of S. crispa on CNE‑1 NPC cells. A 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of S. crispa against CNE‑1 cells. The rate of apoptosis was determined using propidium iodide staining and caspase assays. Ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform extracts of S. crispa leaves all exhibited cytotoxic effects on CNE‑1 cells, at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 119, 123.5 and 161.7 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of S. crispa stems inhibited CNE‑1 cell proliferation, at a IC50 of 49.4, 148.3 and 163.5 µg/ml, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an increased proportion of cells in the sub G1 phase and a decreased proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, following treatment with the extracts. However, the extracts did not alter the activities of caspase ‑3/7, ‑8 and ‑9. No cytotoxic effect was observed when the cells were treated with the methanol and water extracts of S. crispa stems and leaves. In conclusion, the S. crispa extracts were cytotoxic against CNE‑1 cells and these extracts were able to induce apoptosis, independent of caspase activation.
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October-2015
Volume 12 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Koh RY, Sim YC, Toh HJ, Liam LK, Ong RS, Yew MY, Tiong YL, Ling AP, Chye SM, Ng KY, Ng KY, et al: Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Strobilanthes crispa Blume extracts on nasopharyngeal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 12: 6293-6299, 2015
APA
Koh, R.Y., Sim, Y.C., Toh, H.J., Liam, L.K., Ong, R.S., Yew, M.Y. ... Ng, K.Y. (2015). Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Strobilanthes crispa Blume extracts on nasopharyngeal cancer cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 6293-6299. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4152
MLA
Koh, R. Y., Sim, Y. C., Toh, H. J., Liam, L. K., Ong, R. S., Yew, M. Y., Tiong, Y. L., Ling, A. P., Chye, S. M., Ng, K. Y."Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Strobilanthes crispa Blume extracts on nasopharyngeal cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.4 (2015): 6293-6299.
Chicago
Koh, R. Y., Sim, Y. C., Toh, H. J., Liam, L. K., Ong, R. S., Yew, M. Y., Tiong, Y. L., Ling, A. P., Chye, S. M., Ng, K. Y."Cytotoxic and apoptogenic effects of Strobilanthes crispa Blume extracts on nasopharyngeal cancer cells". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 4 (2015): 6293-6299. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4152