Open Access

Retinoic acid‑incorporated glycol chitosan nanoparticles inhibit the expression of Ezh2 in U118 and U138 human glioma cells

Retraction in: /10.3892/mmr.2016.5130

  • Authors:
    • Hu‑Chen Lu
    • Jun Ma
    • Zong Zhuang
    • Yao Zhang
    • Hui‑Lin Cheng
    • Ji‑Xin Shi
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 7, 2015     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4294
  • Pages: 6642-6648
  • Copyright: © Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

At present, one of the most life threatening types of adult brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The molecular mechanism underlying the progression of GBM remains to be fully elucidated. The modern method of clinical treatment has only improved the average survival rates of a newly diagnosed patients with GBM by ~15 months. Therefore, the discovery of novel molecules, which are involved in glioma inhibition is required. In the present study, U118 and U138 human glioma cells were transfected with all‑trans retinoic acid (RA)-incorporated glycol chitosan (GC) nanoparticles.An MTT assay was used for the analysis of cell proliferation and flow cytometric analysis and ssDNA detection assays were performed for the determination of induction of cell apoptosis. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Exposure of the U118 and U138 human glioma cells to the RA‑incorporated GC nanoparticles for 24 h resulted in a concentration‑dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Among the range of experimental RA concentrations, the minimum effective treatment concentration was 10 µM, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 25 µM. The results also demonstrated that RA transfection resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation, inhibition of the expression of Ezh2, and apoptosis through the mitochondrial signaling pathway by a decrease in membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.

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November-2015
Volume 12 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Lu HC, Ma J, Zhuang Z, Zhang Y, Cheng HL and Shi JX: Retinoic acid‑incorporated glycol chitosan nanoparticles inhibit the expression of Ezh2 in U118 and U138 human glioma cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2016.5130. Mol Med Rep 12: 6642-6648, 2015
APA
Lu, H., Ma, J., Zhuang, Z., Zhang, Y., Cheng, H., & Shi, J. (2015). Retinoic acid‑incorporated glycol chitosan nanoparticles inhibit the expression of Ezh2 in U118 and U138 human glioma cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2016.5130. Molecular Medicine Reports, 12, 6642-6648. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4294
MLA
Lu, H., Ma, J., Zhuang, Z., Zhang, Y., Cheng, H., Shi, J."Retinoic acid‑incorporated glycol chitosan nanoparticles inhibit the expression of Ezh2 in U118 and U138 human glioma cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2016.5130". Molecular Medicine Reports 12.5 (2015): 6642-6648.
Chicago
Lu, H., Ma, J., Zhuang, Z., Zhang, Y., Cheng, H., Shi, J."Retinoic acid‑incorporated glycol chitosan nanoparticles inhibit the expression of Ezh2 in U118 and U138 human glioma cells Retraction in /10.3892/mmr.2016.5130". Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 5 (2015): 6642-6648. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4294