p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions

  • Authors:
    • Mark J. Roth
    • Christian C. Abnet
    • Nan Hu
    • Quan-Hong Wang
    • Weng-Qiang Wei
    • Lisa Green
    • Mary D'Alelio
    • You-Lin Qiao
    • Sanford M. Dawsey
    • Philip R. Taylor
    • Karen Woodson
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 1, 2006     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.15.6.1591
  • Pages: 1591-1597
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Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with a very poor prognosis. New methods are needed to screen high-risk populations and identify curable tumors and precursor lesions early. Molecular markers may be useful in such screening efforts. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in patients with ESCC to evaluate the variation of gene methylation across a spectrum of preneoplastic lesions, and assess the feasibility of using gene methylation in a primary screening test utilizing frozen esophageal cells collected by balloon cytology samplers. Samples were obtained from high-risk subjects from north central China. These samples included 11 foci of histologically normal mucosa, 8 foci of low-grade squamous dysplasia, 7 foci of high-grade squamous dysplasia, and 13 foci of ESCC from 6 fully embedded resection specimens; endoscopic biopsies from 6 individuals with no histological evidence of disease; and frozen esophageal balloon samples from 12 asymptomatic subjects. Promoter CpG site-specific hypermethylation status was determined for each gene using real-time methylation-specific PCR (qMS-PCR) based on Taqman chemistry. Of the 6 ESCC patients, 5 showed methylation of at least one gene. For most genes, methylation occurred with increasing frequency during neoplastic progression, with the largest increase found between low- and high-grade dysplasia. There was considerable variation in methylation patterns among different foci of the same histological grade, even within individual patients, but 16/20 (80%) of high-grade dysplastic and cancer foci had ≥ 2 methylated genes, while 17/19 (89%) of normal and low-grade dysplastic foci had <2 methylated genes. These genes were rarely methylated in histologically normal mucosa from patients with or without ESCC. Gene methylation was common and easily detectable in the frozen esophageal cells collected by balloon cytology samplers. Our data suggest that methylation of p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP, and MT1G is common in the esophageal mucosa of patients with ESCC in this high-risk population, and tends to increase in prevalence in foci with increasing histological severity of disease. Methylation data from panels of genes may be able to identify patients with high-grade lesions. Balloon cytology may be able to screen the length of the esophagus effectively for a subset of cells with abnormal methylation, and may be useful in a primary screening test for ESCC and its precursor lesions.

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June 2006
Volume 15 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Roth MJ, Abnet CC, Hu N, Wang Q, Wei W, Green L, D'Alelio M, Qiao Y, Dawsey SM, Taylor PR, Taylor PR, et al: p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Oncol Rep 15: 1591-1597, 2006
APA
Roth, M.J., Abnet, C.C., Hu, N., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Green, L. ... Woodson, K. (2006). p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions. Oncology Reports, 15, 1591-1597. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.15.6.1591
MLA
Roth, M. J., Abnet, C. C., Hu, N., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Green, L., D'Alelio, M., Qiao, Y., Dawsey, S. M., Taylor, P. R., Woodson, K."p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions". Oncology Reports 15.6 (2006): 1591-1597.
Chicago
Roth, M. J., Abnet, C. C., Hu, N., Wang, Q., Wei, W., Green, L., D'Alelio, M., Qiao, Y., Dawsey, S. M., Taylor, P. R., Woodson, K."p16, MGMT, RARβ2, CLDN3, CRBP and MT1G gene methylation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions". Oncology Reports 15, no. 6 (2006): 1591-1597. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.15.6.1591