Open Access

Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression

  • Authors:
    • Li Li
    • Yiwen Wang
    • Benquan Qi
    • Dongdong Yuan
    • Shuying Dong
    • Daohua Guo
    • Cuiling Zhang
    • Meiling Yu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: August 20, 2014     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
  • Pages: 1779-1786
  • Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].

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Abstract

Ginseng has become one of the most commonly used alternative herbal medicines, and its active component, ginsenoside Rg1 has known pharmacological effects, including anticancer properties. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on metastasis have yet to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of ginsenoside Rg1 to suppress phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced invasion and migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 and incubated with or without PMA. The protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was analyzed using Transwell and wound‑healing assays and western blotting. The results showed that suppression was associated with the reduced secretion of MMP-9, a key metastatic enzyme. MMP-9 levels were regulated transcriptionally and correlated with the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation and DNA binding activity. Conversely, ginsenoside Rg1 did not affect MMP-2 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA levels, or the activation of AP-1, suggesting a specificity of pathway inhibition. Inhibition of NF‑κB activation by p65 small‑interfering RNA (siRNA) was shown to suppress PMA-induced cell invasion and migration. The siRNA studies also showed that PMA-induced MMP-9 expression is NF-κB-dependent. The results suggested that the anticancer properties of ginsenoside Rg1 may derive from its ability to inhibit invasion and migration, and that these processes are regulated in breast cancer cells through the NF-κB‑mediated regulation of MMP-9 expression.
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November-2014
Volume 32 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Li L, Wang Y, Qi B, Yuan D, Dong S, Guo D, Zhang C and Yu M: Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncol Rep 32: 1779-1786, 2014
APA
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D. ... Yu, M. (2014). Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression. Oncology Reports, 32, 1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422
MLA
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D., Zhang, C., Yu, M."Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression". Oncology Reports 32.5 (2014): 1779-1786.
Chicago
Li, L., Wang, Y., Qi, B., Yuan, D., Dong, S., Guo, D., Zhang, C., Yu, M."Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression". Oncology Reports 32, no. 5 (2014): 1779-1786. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3422