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Review

Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Mengdi Wan
    • Xi Wang
    • Bin Luo
    • Huangming Hong
    • Yizhun Zhu
    • Tongyu Lin
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, P.R. China, Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P.R. China
  • Article Number: 46
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    Published online on: February 20, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2026.5859
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Abstract

Diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most prevalent subtype of lymphoma, is characterized by rapid growth and a poor prognosis, with the R‑CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) being the standard first‑line therapy. However, 30‑40% of patients experience early relapse or refractoriness to treatment, highlighting the need to understand the mechanisms of chemoresistance. The present review synthesizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in DLBCL, including genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, aberrant activation of signaling pathways, alterations in drug metabolism and efflux, and upregulation of anti‑apoptotic proteins. In addition, the role of the tumor microenvironment in mediating therapeutic resistance is discussed and biomarkers associated with chemoresistance are explored. Furthermore, novel therapeutic strategies targeting chemoresistance, such as immunotherapy, metabolic modulators and epigenetic therapies, are examined. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes in DLBCL.
View Figures

Figure 1

Key signaling pathways in diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma and their roles in driving tumorigenesis and
chemoresistance, alongside novel targeted therapeutic agents.
Created with BioRender.com. BCR, B-cell receptor; SYK, spleen
tyrosine kinase; PLCγ2, phospholipase C γ2; BTK, Bruton tyrosine
kinase; PKCβ, protein kinase Cβ; CARD11, caspase recruitment
domain-containing protein 11; MALT1, mucosa-associated lymphoid
tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1; KLHL14, Kelch-like protein
14; MYD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; TLR9, Toll-like
receptor 9; SphK1, sphingosine kinase 1; mTORC, mTOR complex; PIP2,
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol
3,4,5-trisphosphate; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; PDK1,
phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1; ITAM, immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based activation motif; LYN, Src family tyrosine kinase;
RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; PRAS40, proline-rich AKT substrate
of 40 kDa; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (a
component of mTORC1 and mTORC2).

Figure 2

The TME and chemoresistance in
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (A) Cytokine-mediated NF-κB
activation and tumor proliferation. (B) Stromal-tumor interactions
promoting migration and survival. (C) Immune evasion via PD-1/PD-L1
and CD47-SIRPα signaling. (D) Schematic diagram summarizing
tumor-TME interactions. Created with BioRender.com. BMSCs, bone
marrow stromal cells; miR, microRNA; MCL1, myeloid cell leukemia 1;
ADAM-12, ADAM metalloproteinase domain 12; ECM, extracellular
matrix. SIRPα, signal regulatory protein alpha; BAFF, B-cell
activating factor; TME, tumor microenvironment.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wan M, Wang X, Luo B, Hong H, Zhu Y and Lin T: Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review). Int J Oncol 68: 46, 2026.
APA
Wan, M., Wang, X., Luo, B., Hong, H., Zhu, Y., & Lin, T. (2026). Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 68, 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2026.5859
MLA
Wan, M., Wang, X., Luo, B., Hong, H., Zhu, Y., Lin, T."Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68.4 (2026): 46.
Chicago
Wan, M., Wang, X., Luo, B., Hong, H., Zhu, Y., Lin, T."Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68, no. 4 (2026): 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2026.5859
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wan M, Wang X, Luo B, Hong H, Zhu Y and Lin T: Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review). Int J Oncol 68: 46, 2026.
APA
Wan, M., Wang, X., Luo, B., Hong, H., Zhu, Y., & Lin, T. (2026). Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 68, 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2026.5859
MLA
Wan, M., Wang, X., Luo, B., Hong, H., Zhu, Y., Lin, T."Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68.4 (2026): 46.
Chicago
Wan, M., Wang, X., Luo, B., Hong, H., Zhu, Y., Lin, T."Mechanisms of chemoresistance in diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma and novel therapeutic strategies (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 68, no. 4 (2026): 46. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2026.5859
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