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Review Open Access

Applications of humanized mice in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Binghua Han
    • Fang Liu
    • Jinzhao Long
    • Jiongjiong Wang
    • Yange Cui
    • Haiyan Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 188
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    Published online on: May 4, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13898
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Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), which poses a notable threat to human health. The present review aims to explore the application of humanized mice in the study of M.tb infections. Due to differences in immune responses between mice and humans, humanized mice with human immune systems have been developed as models to characterize human immune responses to M.tb. The present review searched for research on humanized mice and tuberculosis in Web of Science and PubMed using the keywords ‘humanized’, ‘mice’ or ‘mouse’ and ‘tuberculosis’, and summarized the findings. Humanized non‑obese diabetic (NOD).Cg‑Rag1tm1MoMIl2rgtm1Wjl and NOD.Cg‑PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl mice have the potential to accelerate the screening of vaccine candidates, therapeutic regimens and the ‘bench to bedside’ translation process. New therapies, such as IgG1 P1AM25 in humanized Fcγ receptor mice and phage DS6A in humanized NOD.Cg‑Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl Tg(cytomegalovirus‑interleukin‑3, granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor and KIT ligand)1Eav/MloySzJ mice, may have potential for treating tuberculosis. The humanized bone marrow‑liver‑thymus and human leukocyte antigens transgenic mouse models are effective tools for studying the co‑infection of M.tb and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present review highlights the key role of humanized mouse models in advancing the understanding of M.tb infection, including host‑pathogen interactions, immune evasion mechanisms, vaccine development, therapeutic interventions and co‑infection with HIV. In conclusion, humanized mice provide a powerful platform for bridging the gap between preclinical research and clinical tuberculosis therapeutics.
View Figures

Figure 1

Construction and application of a
humanized mouse model infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. CFUs, colony-forming units.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han B, Liu F, Long J, Wang J, Cui Y and Yang H: Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review). Mol Med Rep 34: 188, 2026.
APA
Han, B., Liu, F., Long, J., Wang, J., Cui, Y., & Yang, H. (2026). Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 34, 188. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13898
MLA
Han, B., Liu, F., Long, J., Wang, J., Cui, Y., Yang, H."Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34.1 (2026): 188.
Chicago
Han, B., Liu, F., Long, J., Wang, J., Cui, Y., Yang, H."Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34, no. 1 (2026): 188. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13898
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han B, Liu F, Long J, Wang J, Cui Y and Yang H: Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review). Mol Med Rep 34: 188, 2026.
APA
Han, B., Liu, F., Long, J., Wang, J., Cui, Y., & Yang, H. (2026). Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 34, 188. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13898
MLA
Han, B., Liu, F., Long, J., Wang, J., Cui, Y., Yang, H."Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34.1 (2026): 188.
Chicago
Han, B., Liu, F., Long, J., Wang, J., Cui, Y., Yang, H."Applications of humanized mice in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infections (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34, no. 1 (2026): 188. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.13898
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