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Article Open Access

Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer

  • Authors:
    • Xinhang Gu
    • Xue Wu
    • Jiaxiao Geng
    • Yan Wang
    • Chengxin Liu
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    Affiliations: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China, College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 282
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    Published online on: May 6, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15638
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Abstract

The present study compared the effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage small cell lung cancer (ES‑SCLC). This real‑world retrospective cohort study included patients with ES‑SCLC who experienced failed first‑line immunotherapy and received second‑line immunotherapy retreatment (serplulimab) or chemotherapy. There were 67 and 93 patients in the serplulimab and chemotherapy groups, respectively. Progression‑free survival (PFS) time was prolonged with the administration of serplulimab compared with chemotherapy [median, 7.65 vs. 5.25 months; hazard ratio (HR), 0.601; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.426‑0.848; P=0.003]; the results were similar after confounder adjustment in the multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR, 0.572; 95% CI, 0.395‑0.828; P=0.003). The median overall survival (OS) time was 15.56 vs. 13.48 months (HR, 0.680; 95% CI, 0.478‑0.966; P=0.031). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that serplulimab was also an independent protective factor for OS compared with chemotherapy (HR, 0.158; 95% CI, 0.096‑0.261; P<0.001). The incidence of grade ≥3 adverse events was 29.9 and 34.4% with serplulimab and chemotherapy, respectively (P=0.760). In conclusion, immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab is associated with prolonged PFS and OS times compared with chemotherapy in ES‑SCLC, with a similar safety profile.
View Figures

Figure 1

PFS analysis. (A) Total population.
(B) Subgroup analyses. PFS, progression-free survival; CI,
confidence interval; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Performance Status; KPS, Karnofsky performance status.

Figure 2

OS analysis. (A) Total population.
(B) Subgroup analyses. OS, overall survival; CI, confidence
interval; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance
Status; KPS, Karnofsky performance status.

Figure 3

Progression pattern during
second-line treatment.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Gu X, Wu X, Geng J, Wang Y and Liu C: Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 32: 282, 2026.
APA
Gu, X., Wu, X., Geng, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, C. (2026). Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer. Oncology Letters, 32, 282. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15638
MLA
Gu, X., Wu, X., Geng, J., Wang, Y., Liu, C."Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 32.1 (2026): 282.
Chicago
Gu, X., Wu, X., Geng, J., Wang, Y., Liu, C."Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 32, no. 1 (2026): 282. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15638
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Gu X, Wu X, Geng J, Wang Y and Liu C: Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 32: 282, 2026.
APA
Gu, X., Wu, X., Geng, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, C. (2026). Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer. Oncology Letters, 32, 282. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15638
MLA
Gu, X., Wu, X., Geng, J., Wang, Y., Liu, C."Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 32.1 (2026): 282.
Chicago
Gu, X., Wu, X., Geng, J., Wang, Y., Liu, C."Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive‑stage advanced small cell lung cancer". Oncology Letters 32, no. 1 (2026): 282. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15638
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