*Contributed equally
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Due to the lack of typical symptoms and difficulties in early diagnosis, PAAD has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is essential to identify novel specific biomarkers for the application of targeted therapies. A previous study suggested that agmatinase (
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most lethal types of malignancies (
Agmatinase (AGMAT) belongs to the arginase family (
In the present study, it was shown that
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data for
The full-length
The human PAAD MiaPaCa-2 (cat. no. CRM-CRL-1420), SW1990 (cat. no. CRL-2172), Panc-1 (cat. no. CRL-1469), and BxPc3 (cat. no. CRL-1687) cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). PaTu8988s (cat. no. CL-0303) cells were obtained from Procell Life Science & Technology Co. 293T (cat. no. GNHu17) cells were obtained from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). The cells were maintained at the Central Laboratory of Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital. The cell lines were cultured and maintained in Gibco® DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) supplemented with 10% Gibco® fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) in a humidified incubator supplied with 5% CO2. The human PAAD SW1990 and BxPc3 cell lines were infected with lentivirus plus 8 µg/ml polybrene to establish the PAAD cell lines stably overexpressing or with stably knocked down
Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol® reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). Subsequently, the Evo M-MLV RT Mix Kit with gDNA Clean for qPCR (Accurate Bio Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to reverse-transcribe total RNA to cDNA. A SYBR® Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR Kit (ROX Plus) (Accurate Bio Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to perform the qPCR experiments. The following primer sequences were all purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. and were used for the RT-qPCR:
Total protein was extracted from the treated cells (either stably overexpressing
For cell proliferation assays, the treated PAAD cells (either stably overexpressing
Migration assays of PAAD cells overexpressing
GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, Inc.) was used for the statistical analysis. Data are presented as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) or the means ± standard deviation (SD) of three independent experiments. The Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett's test was used to estimate the significant differences between different groups. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.
In order to explore the mechanism through which
The protein and mRNA expression levels of
To explore the biological function of
Subsequently, the function of
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to the transition of epithelial to mesenchymal cells. During this process, the cells lose their epithelial characteristics, including their polarity, which confers on them a migratory behavior (
Subsequently, the mechanism of
In the present study, a novel function of
AGMAT significantly affects the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, functioning as the key enzyme of the polyamine metabolism alternative pathway (
Not applicable.
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
XZ and YZ conceived and designed the experiments and wrote the paper. YZ and XZ participated in all experiments. LC, YZ and YX contributed to the plasmid construction and cell transfection and interpretation of the experimental results. CW and XL performed and analyzed the WB experiments. YX and YZ performed and analyzed the IF experiments. JC and XZ revised the manuscript and analyzed all data. XZ, YZ and JC confirm the authenticity of all the raw data. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript for publication.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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