TY - JOUR AB - Interleukin‑21 (IL‑21) and its receptor (IL‑21R) are broadly expressed on human B cells, activated T cells and other myeloid cells. IL‑21 cooperates with IL‑6 and transforming growth factor‑β to regulate T‑cell differentiation. IL‑21‑mediated human B cell and dendritic cells differentiation requires signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and also induces B‑cell apoptosis dependents on the Toll‑like receptor signal. Recently, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that IL‑21/IL‑21R regulate angiogenesis through STAT3. IL‑21 signaling pathways are complex due to its cooperation with other transcriptional factors, such as interferon regulatory factor 4 and granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor. The Janus kinase‑STAT pathway has been the most extensively studied. With the increase in the understanding of IL‑21 biology in the context of each specific disease or pathological condition, IL‑21 could be a new therapeutic target for immune‑related disease. AD - Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA AU - Yuan,Ming‑Jie AU - Wang,Tao DA - 2016/07/01 DO - 10.3892/br.2016.665 EP - 6 IS - 1 JO - Biomed Rep KW - interleukin‑21/interleukin‑21 receptor immunity signaling pathway angiogenesis signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 PY - 2016 SN - 2049-9434 2049-9442 SP - 3 ST - Advances of the interleukin‑21 signaling pathway in immunity and angiogenesis (Review) T2 - Biomedical Reports TI - Advances of the interleukin‑21 signaling pathway in immunity and angiogenesis (Review) UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.665 VL - 5 ER -