TY - JOUR AB - Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by isolated low platelet count and it is a diagnosis of exclusion, contrasting to secondary ITP. Therefore, a positive diagnosis is difficult and requires extensive investigation. Some of the underlying conditions that are associated with ITP are lymphoproliferative disorders and infections, especially viral ones. In the present study, the case of a patient diagnosed with diffuse large B‑cell lymphoma, who received chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is presented. After a complete remission of four years, the patient presented with sudden intense hemorrhagic syndrome and severely decreased platelet count. The most frequent causes of secondary ITP were excluded, including lymphoma relapse, and intravenous corticosteroids were started. However, shortly after hospital admission, the patient developed neuro‑psychiatric anomalies, fever and pancytopenia, and West‑Nile encephalitis was diagnosed. Although the initial development was favorable, he started to complain of progressive severe muscle weakness and eventually succumbed to infectious complications in the setting of prolonged hospitalization, corticotherapy, and immobilization. AD - Hematology Clinic, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania Neurology Clinic, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania AU - Onisâi,Minodora AU - Vlădăreanu,Ana-Maria AU - Iordan,Iuliana AU - Bumbea,Horia AU - Găman,Mihaela AU - Ciufu,Cristina AU - Voican,Irina AU - Cîșleanu,Diana AU - Vasile,Daniela AU - Marinescu,Cristina AU - Nicolescu,Anca AU - Spînu,Andreea AU - Nistor,Raluca AU - Alexandru,Adrian DA - 2021/10/01 DO - 10.3892/etm.2021.10530 IS - 4 JO - Exp Ther Med KW - thrombocytopenia lymphoma West‑Nile virus encephalitis corticotherapy PY - 2021 SN - 1792-0981 1792-1015 SP - 1096 ST - Primary, secondary or less frequent causes of immune thrombocytopenia: A case report T2 - Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine TI - Primary, secondary or less frequent causes of immune thrombocytopenia: A case report UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10530 VL - 22 ER -