TY - JOUR AB - Diabetes mellitus, known as the most widespread disease in the world, along with four other chronic diseases, involves major expenditures and significant human resources for care, thus representing a burden on any type of health care system especially due to its rapid evolution of acute and chronic complications. For the emergency department (ED), the requirements of patients with acute complications of diabetes, determine expenses which are three times higher than those for non‑diabetic patients and their hospitalizations are four times more frequent. The acute complications for which patients with diabetes most frequently require the ED are hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar, or ketoacidosis coma as well as alterations of the general condition that is typical of hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state and new‑onset hyperglycemia. Hypoglycemia and the Somogyi phenomenon are the most common complications of type 1 diabetes but they can also occur in patients with type 2 diabetes who are treated with insulin through its overdose. DKA can occur in type 1 and 2 diabetes either by administering inadequate doses of insulin or due to the existence of precipitating factors such as stress, acute myocardial infarction, infections, sepsis, and/or gastrointestinal bleeding. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic status is the most common complication in patients with type 2 diabetes and DKA. Treating the acute complications of diabetes in the ED involves, besides taking immediate measures to assess and maintain vital functions, monitoring patients, assessing blood sugar, electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate, and applying appropriate immediate therapeutic measures for each type of acute diabetes complication. AD - Department of Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania Department of Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania AU - Forțofoiu,Maria AU - Vladu,Ionela,Mihaela AU - Forțofoiu,Mircea-Cătălin AU - Pădureanu,Rodica AU - Clenciu,Diana AU - Rădulescu,Dumitru AU - Pădureanu,Vlad DA - 2022/02/01 DO - 10.3892/etm.2021.11101 IS - 2 JO - Exp Ther Med KW - diabetic coma diabetic emergencies hypoglycemia diabetic ketoacidosis hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state emergency therapy PY - 2022 SN - 1792-0981 1792-1015 SP - 178 ST - New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review) T2 - Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine TI - New strategies of diagnostic and therapeutic approach to emergencies in the evolution of patients with diabetes mellitus (Review) UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.11101 VL - 23 ER -