TY - JOUR AB - In this study, a marine microalga Spirulina sp.-derived protein was hydrolyzed using gastrointestinal enzymes to produce an angiotensin I (Ang I)-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide. Following consecutive purification, the potent ACE inhibitory peptide was composed of 7 amino acids, Thr-Met‑Glu‑Pro‑Gly‑Lys-Pro (molecular weight, 759 Da). Analysis using the Lineweaver-Burk plot and molecular modeling suggested that the purified peptide acted as a mixed non-competitive inhibitor of ACE. The inhibitory effects of the peptide against the cellular production of vascular dysfunction-related factors induced by Ang II were also investigated. In human endothelial cells, the Ang II-induced production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species was inhibited, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was downregulated when the cells were cultured with the purified peptide. Moreover, the peptide blocked the activation of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase. These results indicated that this Spirulina sp.-derived peptide warrants further investigation as a potential pharmacological inhibitor of ACE and vascular dysfunction. AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan 49267, Republic of Korea School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, P.R. China Department of Bio-Mechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea AU - Heo,Seong-Yeong AU - Ko,Seok-Chun AU - Kim,Chang ,Su AU - Oh,Gun-Woo AU - Ryu,Bomi AU - Qian,Zhong‑Ji AU - Kim,Geunhyung AU - Park,Won ,Sun AU - Choi,Il-Whan AU - Phan,Thi ,Tuong Vy AU - Heo,Soo-Jin AU - Kang,Do-Hyung AU - Yi,Myunggi AU - Jung,Won-Kyo DA - 2017/05/01 DO - 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2941 EP - 1082 IS - 5 JO - Int J Mol Med KW - Spirulina sp. angiotensin I-converting enzyme angio­tensin II vascular dysfunction mitogen-activated protein kinases PY - 2017 SN - 1107-3756 1791-244X SP - 1072 ST - A heptameric peptide purified from Spirulina sp. gastrointestinal hydrolysate inhibits angiotensin I-converting enzyme- and angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction in human endothelial cells T2 - International Journal of Molecular Medicine TI - A heptameric peptide purified from Spirulina sp. gastrointestinal hydrolysate inhibits angiotensin I-converting enzyme- and angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction in human endothelial cells UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.2941 VL - 39 ER -