TY - JOUR AB - Orbital and ocular anatomy is quite complex, consisting of several tissues, which can give rise to both benign and malignant tumors, while several primary neoplasms can metastasize to the orbital and ocular space. Early detection, accurate staging and re‑staging, efficient monitoring of treatment response, non‑invasive differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, and accurate planning of external radiation treatment, are of utmost importance for the optimal and individualized management of ophthalmic oncology patients. Addressing these challenges requires the employment of several diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high‑definition digital fundus photography, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography (OCT)‑angiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In recent years, technological advances have enabled the development of hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and PET/MRI systems, setting new standards in cancer diagnosis and treatment. The capability of simultaneously targeting several cancer‑related biochemical procedures using positron emitting‑radiopharmaceuticals, while morphologically characterizing lesions by CT or MRI, together with the intrinsic quantitative capabilities of PET‑imaging, provide incremental diagnostic information, enabling accurate, highly efficient and personalized treatment strategies. Aim of the current review is to discuss the current applications of hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI imaging in the management of patients presenting with the most commonly encountered orbital and ocular tumors. AD - Department of Ophthalmology, Venizeleio General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion, Greece Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Department of CT‑MRI and PET/CT, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 70013 Heraklion, Greece Positron Emission Tomography Department, Clinical Center (CC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA Center for Research in Computer Vision (CRCV), University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32816, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 70013 Heraklion, Greece Department of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece AU - Kalemaki,Maria,S. AU - Karantanas,Apostolos,H. AU - Exarchos,Dimitris AU - Detorakis,Efstathios,T. AU - Zoras,Odysseas AU - Marias,Kostas AU - Millo,Corina AU - Bagci,Ulas AU - Pallikaris,Ioannis AU - Stratis,Andreas AU - Karatzanis,Ioannis AU - Perisinakis,Kostas AU - Koutentakis,Pavlos AU - Kontadakis,Georgios,A. AU - Spandidos,Demetrios,A. AU - Tsatsakis,Aristidis AU - Papadakis,Georgios,Z. DA - 2020/02/01 DO - 10.3892/ijo.2020.4955 EP - 429 IS - 2 JO - Int J Oncol KW - orbital tumors ocular tumors positron emission tomography/computed tomography positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging cancer staging PY - 2020 SN - 1019-6439 1791-2423 SP - 417 ST - PET/CT and PET/MRI in ophthalmic oncology (Review) T2 - International Journal of Oncology TI - PET/CT and PET/MRI in ophthalmic oncology (Review) UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2020.4955 VL - 56 ER -