TY - JOUR AB - Microsatellite instability‑high/deficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer (MSI‑H/dMMR CRC) is a molecular subtype characterized by high‑frequency mutations within DNA mismatch repair genes. Defects in the DNA mismatch repair machinery lead to subsequent frame‑shift mutations, resulting in the generation of frame‑shift peptides that serve as neoantigens. This has translated into exquisite sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and a significant clinical benefit from immune therapies in this patient population. The present article provides a comprehensive review of the advances in the field of immune therapies for MSI‑H/dMMR metastatic CRC, with a focus on the major randomized clinical trials that led to Food and Drug Administration approval of specific ICIs for this population, a detailed review of the molecular background responsible for tumor response, as well as the mechanisms of resistance to ICI therapy. Finally, ongoing investigations of other immunotherapeutic strategies to address and overcome the challenges that currently limit response and long‑term response to ICIs were presented. AD - Department of Medicine, Kansas University School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67214, USA Department of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas Cancer Institute, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, MA 01702, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kansas University Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA AU - Choucair,Khalil AU - Radford,Maluki AU - Bansal,Ajay AU - Park,Robin AU - Saeed,Anwaar DA - 2021/09/01 DO - 10.3892/ijo.2021.5254 IS - 3 JO - Int J Oncol KW - colorectal neoplasm microsatellite instability DNA mismatch repair immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors PY - 2021 SN - 1019-6439 1791-2423 SP - 74 ST - Advances in immune therapies for the treatment of microsatellite instability‑high/deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer (Review) T2 - International Journal of Oncology TI - Advances in immune therapies for the treatment of microsatellite instability‑high/deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer (Review) UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5254 VL - 59 ER -