TY - JOUR AB - The pathological alterations of Parkinson's disease (PD) predominantly manifest as a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which may be caused by oxidative stress damage. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are a class of compounds found in various plants, which have significant antioxidant and free radical‑scavenging activity. The present study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of PCs in a 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‑induced PD model in vitro and in vivo. MTT assays were used to detect cell viability, and flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alterations were investigated using a JC‑1 MMP Assay kit. The pole test was used to measure motor behavior in a mouse model of PD. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the fluorescent probe, 2',7'‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of proteins associated with PD. In vitro, it was demonstrated that in MPTP‑treated PC12 cells, PCs increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis in a dose‑dependent manner. In vivo, it was revealed that PC treatment inhibited striatal dopamine depletion, which resulted in significant improvements in PD‑like movement impairment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and MPTP‑induced apoptosis were also inhibited. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the neuroprotective activity of PCs may be mediated via the inhibition of ROS generation, as well as modulation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activation. Taken together, these data revealed that PCs may exert neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro PD models, and may have potential in the prevention or treatment of PD. AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, P.R. China Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People Hospital, Affiliated Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China AU - Chen,Hucheng AU - Xu,Jiyu AU - Lv,Yuan AU - He,Ping AU - Liu,Chunyan AU - Jiao,Jie AU - Li,Shiwei AU - Mao,Xuhua AU - Xue,Xue DA - 2018/12/01 DO - 10.3892/mmr.2018.9509 EP - 4921 IS - 6 JO - Mol Med Rep KW - Parkinson's disease proanthocyanidins MPTP reactive oxygen species apoptosis PY - 2018 SN - 1791-2997 1791-3004 SP - 4913 ST - Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo T2 - Molecular Medicine Reports TI - Proanthocyanidins exert a neuroprotective effect via ROS/JNK signaling in MPTP‑induced Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9509 VL - 18 ER -