TY - JOUR AB - Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a notoriously lethal tumor mostly due to the de novo or acquired resistance to traditional chemotherapy besides gemcitabine and, therefore, an increasing need for effective strategies to prevent and treat the poor prognosis of this tumor is required. Thymoquinone (TQ), a hopeful natural product derived from black cumin (Nigella sativa) has shown considerable antineoplastic properties. Whether TQ exerts antitumor effects on CCA cells in vitro and in vivo remains unknown. Examinations of cell viability assay, detection of cell cycle and apoptosis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used in the present study. We demonstrated that TQ inhibited the growth of human CCA cell lines (TFK-1 and HuCCT1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Firstly, our results provided evidence that TQ not only inhibits the proliferation of CCA cells, induces cell cycle arrest and prompts cell apoptotic effect in vitro, but it also exhibits inhibitory effects of tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. The responsible mechanism is at least partially due to TQ inhibiting the growth of CCA cell lines induced by downregulation of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB and regulated gene products, including p-AKT, p65, XIAP, Bcl-2, COX-2, VEGF. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence of our hypothesis that TQ alone presents a promising therapeutic regimen for the treatment of CCA cells with better efficiency. AD - Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China AU - Xu,Dongsheng AU - Ma,Yong AU - Zhao,Baolei AU - Li,Shuai AU - Zhang,Yu AU - Pan,Shangha AU - Wu,Yaohua AU - Wang,Jizhou AU - Wang,Dawei AU - Pan,Huayang AU - Liu,Lianxin AU - Jiang,Hongchi DA - 2014/05/01 DO - 10.3892/or.2014.3059 EP - 2070 IS - 5 JO - Oncol Rep KW - thymoquinone cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis Akt nuclear factor-κB PY - 2014 SN - 1021-335X 1791-2431 SP - 2063 ST - Thymoquinone induces G2/M arrest, inactivates PI3K/Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways in human cholangiocarcinomas both in vitro and in vivo T2 - Oncology Reports TI - Thymoquinone induces G2/M arrest, inactivates PI3K/Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways in human cholangiocarcinomas both in vitro and in vivo UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3059 VL - 31 ER -