TY - JOUR AB - Skin melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from neuroectodermal melanocytes. Compared to other neoplasms, melanomas have a high rate of growth. Their incidence is highest in Australia and New Zealand, in high‑income European countries (Switzerland, Norway, Sweden) and in the US. In Poland, the standardized incidence rate is approximately 5/100,000. Melanomas are typically highly radioresistant and chemoresistant. Before the era of immunotherapy, inoperable lesions were treated using chemotherapy based mainly on dacarbazine, temozolomide or fotemustine, which did not yield the expected results in terms of extending survival time or improving patient comfort. Therefore, there has emerged a need to seek other solutions. In most cases, the use of immunological treatment or targeted therapy has had a positive impact on survival time and relapse‑free survival. However, these periods are still relatively short, hence the need for further research and improvement of treatment. The most promising strategies appear to be antibodies that block programmed death receptor‑1 (PD‑1) and programmed death receptor ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) molecules, anti‑CTLA4 antibodies (cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4) and therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. AD - Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20‑093 Lublin, Poland Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20‑093 Lublin, Poland AU - Stachyra‑Strawa,Paulina AU - Ciesielka,Marzanna AU - Janiszewski,Michał AU - Grzybowska‑Szatkowska,Ludmiła DA - 2021/08/01 DO - 10.3892/or.2021.8109 IS - 2 JO - Oncol Rep KW - immunotherapy melanoma PD‑1 PD‑L1 BRAF inhibitors MEK inhibitors PY - 2021 SN - 1021-335X 1791-2431 SP - 158 ST - The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review) T2 - Oncology Reports TI - The role of immunotherapy and molecular‑targeted therapy in the treatment of melanoma (Review) UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8109 VL - 46 ER -