TY - JOUR AB - Extracellular acidosis is associated with various immunopathological states. The microenvironment of numerous solid tumours and inflammatory responses during acute or chronic infection are all related to a pH range of 5.5‑7.0. The relationship between inflammation and immune escape, cancer metabolism, and immunologic suppression drives researchers to focus on the effects of low pH on diverse components of disease immune monitoring. The potential effect of low extracellular pH on the immune function reveals the importance of pH in inflammatory and immunoreactive processes. In this review, the mechanism of how pH receptors, including monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), Na+/H+ exchanger 1, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), vacuolar‑ATPase, and proton‑sensing G‑protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), modulate the immune system in disease, especially in cancer, were studied. Their role in immunocyte growth and signal transduction as part of the immune response, as well as cytokine production, have been documented in great detail. Currently, immunotherapy strategies have positive therapeutic effects for patients. However, the acidic microenvironment may block the effect of immunotherapy through compensatory feedback mechanisms, leading to drug resistance. Therefore, we highlight promising therapeutic developments regarding pH manipulation and provide a framework for future research. AD - Department of The Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100020, P.R. China The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100010, P.R. China AU - Cao,Lin AU - Huang,Tianqiao AU - Chen,Xiaohong AU - Li,Weisha AU - Yang,Xingjiu AU - Zhang,Wenlong AU - Li,Mengyuan AU - Gao,Ran DA - 2021/10/01 DO - 10.3892/or.2021.8179 IS - 4 JO - Oncol Rep KW - pH regulation immunity acidosis microenvironment therapeutic inhibitors PY - 2021 SN - 1021-335X 1791-2431 SP - 228 ST - Uncovering the interplay between pH receptors and immune cells: Potential drug targets (Review) T2 - Oncology Reports TI - Uncovering the interplay between pH receptors and immune cells: Potential drug targets (Review) UR - https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2021.8179 VL - 46 ER -