1
|
van Os J and Kapur S: Schizophrenia.
Lancet. 374:635–645. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
2
|
Jenkins TA: Perinatal complications and
schizophrenia: Involvement of the immune system. Front Neurosci.
7:1102013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
3
|
Benros ME, Nielsen PR, Nordentoft M, Eaton
WW, Dalton SO and Mortensen PB: Autoimmune diseases and severe
infections as risk factors for schizophrenia: A 30-year
population-based register study. Am J Psychiatry. 168:1303–1310.
2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
4
|
van Berckel BN, Bossong MG, Boellaard R,
Kloet R, Schuitemaker A, Caspers E, Luurtsema G, Windhorst AD, Cahn
W, Lammertsma AA, et al: Microglia activation in recent-onset
schizophrenia: A quantitative (R)-[11C]PK11195 positron emission
tomography study. Biol Psychiatry. 64:820–822. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
5
|
Doorduin J, de Vries EF, Willemsen AT, de
Groot JC, Dierckx RA and Klein HC: Neuroinflammation in
schizophrenia-related psychosis: A PET study. J Nucl Med.
50:1801–1807. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
6
|
Potvin S, Stip E, Sepehry AA, Gendron A,
Bah R and Kouassi E: Inflammatory cytokine alterations in
schizophrenia: A systematic quantitative review. Biol Psychiatry.
63:801–808. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
7
|
Miller BJ, Buckley P, Seabolt W, Mellor A
and Kirkpatrick B: Meta-analysis of cytokine alterations in
schizophrenia: Clinical status and antipsychotic effects. Biol
Psychiatry. 70:663–671. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
8
|
Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz
MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, Keefe RS, Davis SM, Davis CE,
Lebowitz BD, et al: Clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention
effectiveness (CATIE) investigators: Effectiveness of antipsychotic
drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med.
353:1209–1223. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
9
|
Drzyzga L, Obuchowicz E, Marcinowska A and
Herman ZS: Cytokines in schizophrenia and the effects of
antipsychotic drugs. Brain Behav Immun. 20:532–545. 2006.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
10
|
Maes M, Bosmans E, Calabrese J, Smith R
and Meltzer HY: Interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 in schizophrenia
and mania: Effects of neuroleptics and mood stabilizers. J
Psychiatr Res. 29:141–152. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
11
|
Müller N, Empl M, Riedel M, Schwarz M and
Ackenheil M: Neuroleptic treatment increases soluble IL-2 receptors
and decreases soluble IL-6 receptors in schizophrenia. Eur Arch
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 247:308–313. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
12
|
Meyer U, Schwarz MJ and Müller N:
Inflammatory processes in schizophrenia: A promising
neuroimmunological target for the treatment of negative/cognitive
symptoms and beyond. Pharmacol Ther. 132:96–110. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
13
|
American Psychiatric Association, .
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (4th).
American Psychiatric Association. (Washington, DC). 1994.
|
14
|
Kay SR, Fiszbein A and Opler LA: The
positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Schizophr Bull. 13:261–276. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
15
|
Opler MGA, Yavorsky C and Daniel DG:
Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) training: Challenges,
solutions, and future directions. Innov Clin Neurosci. 14:77–81.
2017.PubMed/NCBI
|
16
|
Müller N, Riedel M, Ackenheil M and
Schwarz MJ: The role of immune function in schizophrenia: An
overview. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 249 Suppl 4:62–68.
1999. View Article : Google Scholar
|
17
|
Drexhage RC, Hoogenboezem TA, Cohen D,
Versnel MA, Nolen WA, van Beveren NJ and Drexhage HA: An activated
set point of T-cell and monocyte inflammatory networks in
recent-onset schizophrenia patients involves both pro- and
anti-inflammatory forces. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 14:746–755.
2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
18
|
Upthegrove R, Manzanares-Teson N and
Barnes NM: Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode
psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res.
155:101–108. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
19
|
Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox
BR, Yolken R and Jones PB: Inflammation and immunity in
schizophrenia: Implications for pathophysiology and treatment.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2:258–270. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
20
|
Borovcanin M, Jovanovic I, Radosavljevic
G, Djukic Dejanovic S, Stefanovic V, Arsenijevic N and Lukic ML:
Antipsychotics can modulate the cytokine profile in schizophrenia:
Attenuation of the type-2 inflammatory response. Schizophr Res.
147:103–109. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
21
|
Gabay C and McInnes IB: The biological and
clinical importance of the ‘new generation’ cytokines in rheumatic
diseases. Arthritis Res Ther. 11:2302009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
22
|
Yoshida H, Nakaya M and Miyazaki Y:
Interleukin 27: A double-edged sword for offense and defense. J
Leukoc Biol. 86:1295–1303. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
23
|
Xu M, Mizoguchi I, Morishima N, Chiba Y,
Mizuguchi J and Yoshimoto T: Regulation of antitumor immune
responses by the IL-12 family cytokines, IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27.
Clin Dev Immunol. 2010:20102010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
24
|
Pflanz S, Timans JC, Cheung J, Rosales R,
Kanzler H, Gilbert J, Hibbert L, Churakova T, Travis M, Vaisberg E,
et al: IL-27, a heterodimeric cytokine composed of EBI3 and p28
protein, induces proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells.
Immunity. 16:779–790. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
25
|
Müller N and Schwarz MJ: Immune system and
schizophrenia. Curr Immunol Rev. 6:213–220. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
26
|
Hori H, Yoshimura R, Yamada Y, Ikenouchi
A, Mitoma M, Ida Y and Nakamura J: Effects of olanzapine on plasma
levels of catecholamine metabolites, cytokines, and brain-derived
neurotrophic factor in schizophrenic patients. Int Clin
Psychopharmacol. 22:21–27. 2007.PubMed/NCBI
|
27
|
Pae CU, Yoon CH, Kim TS, Kim JJ, Park SH,
Lee CU, Lee SJ, Lee C and Paik IH: Antipsychotic treatment may
alter T-helper (TH)2 arm cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol. 6:666–671.
2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
28
|
Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Zhang PY, Wu GY, Cao LY
and Shen YC: Elevated interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and
interleukin-8 serum levels in neuroleptic-free schizophrenia:
Association with psychopathology. Schizophr Res. 57:247–258. 2002.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
29
|
Maisonpierre PC, Belluscio L, Friedman B,
Alderson RF, Wiegand SJ, Furth ME, Lindsay RM and Yancopoulos GD:
NT-3, BDNF, and NGF in the developing rat nervous system: Parallel
as well as reciprocal patterns of expression. Neuron. 5:501–509.
1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
30
|
Yoshida T, Ishikawa M, Niitsu T, Nakazato
M, Watanabe H, Shiraishi T, Shiina A, Hashimoto T, Kanahara N,
Hasegawa T, et al: Decreased serum levels of mature brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not its precursor proBDNF, in
patients with major depressive disorder. PLoS One. 7:e426762012.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
31
|
Rizos EN, Papadopoulou A, Laskos E,
Michalopoulou PG, Kastania A, Vasilopoulos D, Katsafouros K and
Lykouras L: Reduced serum BDNF levels in patients with chronic
schizophrenic disorder in relapse, who were treated with typical or
atypical antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry. 11:251–255. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
32
|
Rizos EN, Michalopoulou PG, Siafakas N,
Stefanis N, Douzenis A, Rontos I, Laskos E, Kastania A, Zoumpourlis
V and Lykouras L: Association of serum brain-derived neurotrophic
factor and duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode
patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology. 62:87–90. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|