Ginsenoside Rh2(S) induces differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the PKD/AMPK signaling pathways

  • Authors:
    • Do Yeon Kim
    • Ki Ho Park
    • Mi Song Jung
    • Bo Huang
    • Hai-Dan Yuan
    • Hai-Yan Quan
    • Sung Hyun Chung
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 15, 2011     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.750
  • Pages: 753-759
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Abstract

As part of our search for biologically active anti-osteoporotic agents that enhance differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, we identified the ginsenoside Rh2(S). Mostly known to exhibit beneficial effects in cancer prevention and metabolic diseases, Rh2(S) is one of the most active ginsenosides. Here, we show that Rh2(S) stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization, manifested by the up-regulation of differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteogenic genes) and von Kossa/Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Rh2(S) also activated protein kinase D (PKD) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and Rh2(S)-induced differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells were significantly abolished in the presence of specific inhibitors; Go6976 for PKD and Ara-A for AMPK. Furthermore, Go6976 suppressed Rh2(S)-mediated activation of AMPK, indicating that PKD may be an upstream signal for AMPK in Rh2(S)-induced differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Rh2(S) induces the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of PKD/AMPK signaling pathways. These findings provide a molecular basis for the osteogenic effect of Rh2(S).

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November 2011
Volume 28 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Kim DY, Park KH, Jung MS, Huang B, Yuan H, Quan H and Chung SH: Ginsenoside Rh2(S) induces differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the PKD/AMPK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 28: 753-759, 2011
APA
Kim, D.Y., Park, K.H., Jung, M.S., Huang, B., Yuan, H., Quan, H., & Chung, S.H. (2011). Ginsenoside Rh2(S) induces differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the PKD/AMPK signaling pathways. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 28, 753-759. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.750
MLA
Kim, D. Y., Park, K. H., Jung, M. S., Huang, B., Yuan, H., Quan, H., Chung, S. H."Ginsenoside Rh2(S) induces differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the PKD/AMPK signaling pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 28.5 (2011): 753-759.
Chicago
Kim, D. Y., Park, K. H., Jung, M. S., Huang, B., Yuan, H., Quan, H., Chung, S. H."Ginsenoside Rh2(S) induces differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through activation of the PKD/AMPK signaling pathways". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 28, no. 5 (2011): 753-759. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.750