Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Sanaa Al Saleh
    • Leyla H. Sharaf
    • Yunus A. Luqmani
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 11, 2011     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.942
  • Pages: 1197-1217
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Abstract

Both de novo and acquired endocrine resistance constitute a major therapeutic problem for treatment of hormone-positive breast cancer. Multiple explanatory mechanisms have been proposed through the study of cellular models which focus principally on receptor tyrosine kinase mediated signalling pathways utilizing src, PI3K, MAPK and Smads. Many of the transducing molecules, particularly nuclear transcription factors such as Snail, Twist, Snail2, ZEB, FOXC2, TCF/LEF and Goosecoid are participants in proliferation as well as invasion and metastasis, involving a process of orchestrated cellular remodeling which is being likened to the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition that takes place during embryonic development. We review the accumulating evidence that points towards the occurrence of this phenomenon as a consequence of the loss of endocrine control, with both processes being similarly characterized by depletion of cell adhesion proteins, E-cadherin, catenins and cytokeratins, increased association with the extracellular matrix through induction of metalloproteinases, fibronectin and collagen, and a switch to a mobile vimentin-based cytoskeletal structure with loss of apical basal polarity.

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May 2011
Volume 38 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Spandidos Publications style
Al Saleh S, Sharaf LH and Luqmani YA: Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review). Int J Oncol 38: 1197-1217, 2011
APA
Al Saleh, S., Sharaf, L.H., & Luqmani, Y.A. (2011). Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 38, 1197-1217. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.942
MLA
Al Saleh, S., Sharaf, L. H., Luqmani, Y. A."Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 38.5 (2011): 1197-1217.
Chicago
Al Saleh, S., Sharaf, L. H., Luqmani, Y. A."Signalling pathways involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer and associations with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 38, no. 5 (2011): 1197-1217. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.942