Distribution, pharmacokinetics and primary metabolism model of tramadol in zebrafish

  • Authors:
    • Huiqin Zhuo
    • Hongwei Jin
    • Huifang Peng
    • Heqing Huang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 21, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5956
  • Pages: 5644-5652
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Abstract

The current study aimed to develop a rapid, robust and adequately sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the concentration of tramadol and its active metabolites in zebrafish. The pharmacokinetic and elimination pattern of tramadol and its major phase I metabolites following oral or intramuscular administration in zebrafish tissues was achieved using electrospray ionization‑quadrupole‑time of flight/mass spectrometry (ESI‑Q‑TOF/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC‑MS). Following administration, the metabolisms were detected in the brain, eyes, muscle and gill tissues within 1 h. Two tramadol metabolites, O‑ and N‑desmethyltramadol, were detected in brain tissue, with N‑desmethyltramadol detected at a higher level. Following GC‑MS detection the curve indicated an initial rapid phase, corresponding to the detection of the tramadol within 1 min, and reached peak value in the brain at 5 min. Faster drug clearance was detected in low‑dose groups, and concentration had dropped around the to initial level (1.11 µg) at 20 min, but was detectable for up to 3 h. However, it took 80 min to fall back to the initial value (1.73 µg) in the high‑dose groups, and tramadol was detectable for up to 4 h. This study developed and validated a simple and high throughput analytical procedure to determine the distribution and pharmacokinetic profiles of tramadol, and its primary metabolites in tissues of zebrafish.
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December-2016
Volume 14 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Spandidos Publications style
Zhuo H, Jin H, Peng H and Huang H: Distribution, pharmacokinetics and primary metabolism model of tramadol in zebrafish. Mol Med Rep 14: 5644-5652, 2016
APA
Zhuo, H., Jin, H., Peng, H., & Huang, H. (2016). Distribution, pharmacokinetics and primary metabolism model of tramadol in zebrafish. Molecular Medicine Reports, 14, 5644-5652. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5956
MLA
Zhuo, H., Jin, H., Peng, H., Huang, H."Distribution, pharmacokinetics and primary metabolism model of tramadol in zebrafish". Molecular Medicine Reports 14.6 (2016): 5644-5652.
Chicago
Zhuo, H., Jin, H., Peng, H., Huang, H."Distribution, pharmacokinetics and primary metabolism model of tramadol in zebrafish". Molecular Medicine Reports 14, no. 6 (2016): 5644-5652. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5956