Roles of the inflammasome in the gut‑liver axis (Review)
- Authors:
- Junfeng Wang
- Rui Dong
- Shan Zheng
-
Affiliations: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai 201102, P.R. China - Published online on: November 20, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9679
- Pages: 3-14
-
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
Visschers RG, Luyer MD, Schaap FG, Olde Damink SW and Soeters PB: The gut-liver axis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 16:576–581. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Islam KB, Fukiya S, Hagio M, Fujii N, Ishizuka S, Ooka T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T and Yokota A: Bile acid is a host factor that regulates the composition of the cecal microbiota in rats. Gastroenterology. 141:1773–1781. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yokota A, Fukiya S, Islam KB, Ooka T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Hagio M and Ishizuka S: Is bile acid a determinant of the gut microbiota on a high-fat diet? Gut Microbes. 3:455–459. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Cai SY and Boyer JL: Studies on the mechanisms of bile acid initiated hepatic inflammation in cholestatic liver injury. Inflamm Cell Signal. 4:e15612017.PubMed/NCBI | |
Cai SY, Ouyang X, Chen Y, Soroka CJ, Wang J, Mennone A, Wang Y, Mehal WZ, Jain D and Boyer JL: Bile acids initiate cholestatic liver injury by triggering a hepatocyte-specific inflammatory response. JCI Insight. 2:e907802017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Perez MJ and Briz O: Bile-acid-induced cell injury and protection. World J Gastroenterol. 15:1677–1689. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Allen K, Jaeschke H and Copple BL: Bile acids induce inflammatory genes in hepatocytes: A novel mechanism of inflammation during obstructive cholestasis. Am J Pathol. 178:175–186. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
De Minicis S, Rychlicki C, Agostinelli L, Saccomanno S, Candelaresi C, Trozzi L, Mingarelli E, Facinelli B, Magi G, Palmieri C, et al: Dysbiosis contributes to fibrogenesis in the course of chronic liver injury in mice. Hepatology. 59:1738–1749. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sabino J, Vieira-Silva S, Machiels K, Joossens M, Falony G, Ballet V, Ferrante M, Van Assche G, Van der Merwe S, Vermeire S and Raes J: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterised by intestinal dysbiosis independent from IBD. Gut. 65:1681–1689. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wiest R, Albillos A, Trauner M, Bajaj JS and Jalan R: Intestinal hepatic axis for liver disease. J Hepatol. 67:1084–1103. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B and Knight R: The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 15:397–411. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
O'Toole A, Alakkari A, Keegan D, Doherty G, Mulcahy H and O'Donoghue D: Primary sclerosing cholangitis and disease distribution in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 10:439–441. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Weismüller TJ, Trivedi PJ, Bergquist A, Imam M, Lenzen H, Ponsioen CY, Holm K, Gotthardt D, Färkkilä MA, Marschall HU, et al: Patient age, sex, and inflammatory bowel disease phenotype associate with course of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology. 152:1975–1984, e1978. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Liu R, Li X, Huang Z, Zhao D, Ganesh BS, Lai G, Pandak WM, Hylemon PB, Bajaj JS, Sanyal AJ and Zhou H: C/EBP homologous protein-induced loss of intestinal epithelial stemness contributes to bile duct ligation-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. Hepatology. 67:1441–1457. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Jee J, Mourya R, Shivakumar P, Fei L, Wagner M and Bezerra JA: Cxcr2 signaling and the microbiome suppress inflammation, bile duct injury, and the phenotype of experimental biliary atresia. PLoS One. 12:e01820892017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Schroder K and Tschopp J: The inflammasomes. Cell. 140:821–832. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Petrasek J, Bala S, Csak T, Lippai D, Kodys K, Menashy V, Barrieau M, Min SY, Kurt-Jones EA and Szabo G: IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 122:3476–3489. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Jin C, Hao L, Mehal WZ, Strowig T, Thaiss CA, Kau AL, Eisenbarth SC, Jurczak MJ, et al: Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature. 482:179–185. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wlodarska M, Thaiss CA, Nowarski R, Henao-Mejia J, Zhang JP, Brown EM, Frankel G, Levy M, Katz MN, Philbrick WM, et al: NLRP6 inflammasome orchestrates the colonic host-microbial interface by regulating goblet cell mucus secretion. Cell. 156:1045–1059. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Levy M, Thaiss CA, Zeevi D, Dohnalová L, Zilberman-Schapira G, Mahdi JA, David E, Savidor A, Korem T, Herzig Y, et al: Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling. Cell. 163:1428–1443. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gong Z, Zhou J, Zhao S, Tian C, Wang P, Xu C, Chen Y, Cai W and Wu J: Chenodeoxycholic acid activates NLRP3 inflammasome and contributes to cholestatic liver fibrosis. Oncotarget. 7:83951–83963. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Han J, Bae J, Choi CY, Choi SP, Kang HS, Jo EK, Park J, Lee YS, Moon HS, Park CG, et al: Autophagy induced by AXL receptor tyrosine kinase alleviates acute liver injury via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice. Autophagy. 12:2326–2343. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wree A, McGeough MD, Inzaugarat ME, Eguchi A, Schuster S, Johnson CD, Peña CA, Geisler LJ, Papouchado BG, Hoffman HM and Feldstein AE: NLRP3 inflammasome driven liver injury and fibrosis. Roles of IL-17 and TNF. Hepatology. 2017. | |
Barreyro FJ, Holod S, Finocchietto PV, Camino AM, Aquino JB, Avagnina A, Carreras MC, Poderoso JJ and Gores GJ: The pan-caspase inhibitor Emricasan (IDN-6556) decreases liver injury and fibrosis in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 35:953–966. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Alaish SM, Smith AD, Timmons J, Greenspon J, Eyvazzadeh D, Murphy E, Shea-Donahue T, Cirimotich S, Mongodin E, Zhao A, et al: Gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance, bacterial translocation and mortality following cholestasis depend on the genetic background of the host. Gut Microbes. 4:292–305. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Pierantonelli I, Rychlicki C, Agostinelli L, Giordano DM, Gaggini M, Fraumene C, Saponaro C, Manghina V, Sartini L, Mingarelli E, et al: Lack of NLRP3-inflammasome leads to gut-liver axis derangement, gut dysbiosis and a worsened phenotype in a mouse model of NAFLD. Sci Rep. 7:122002017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Guo C, Xie S, Chi Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zheng M, Zhang X, Xia D, Ke Y, et al: Bile acids control inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Immunity. 45:802–816. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hao H, Cao L, Jiang C, Che Y, Zhang S, Takahashi S, Wang G and Gonzalez FJ: Farnesoid X receptor regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome underlies cholestasis-associated sepsis. Cell Metab. 25:856–867, e855. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xie S, Guo C, Chi Z, Huang B, Wu Y, Wang D and Xia D: A rapid administration of GW4064 inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation independent of farnesoid X receptor agonism. FEBS Lett. 591:2836–2847. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Martinon F, Burns K and Tschopp J: The inflammasome: A molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell. 10:417–426. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Giebeler A, Brandenburg LO, Kaldenbach M, Erschfeld S, Wasmuth H, Wruck C, Trautwein C and Streetz KL: Lack of hepatic c-Met and gp130 expression is associated with an impaired antibacterial response and higher lethality after bile duct ligation. Lab Invest. 92:1726–1737. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Matsushita H, Miyake Y, Takaki A, Yasunaka T, Koike K, Ikeda F, Shiraha H, Nouso K and Yamamoto K: TLR4, TLR9, and NLRP3 in biliary epithelial cells of primary sclerosing cholangitis: Relationship with clinical characteristics. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 30:600–608. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Szabo G and Petrasek J: Inflammasome activation and function in liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12:387–400. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gross O, Thomas CJ, Guarda G and Tschopp J: The inflammasome: An integrated view. Immunol Rev. 243:136–151. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ting JP, Lovering RC, Alnemri ES, Bertin J, Boss JM, Davis BK, Flavell RA, Girardin SE, Godzik A, Harton JA, et al: The NLR gene family: A standard nomenclature. Immunity. 28:285–287. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bauernfeind FG, Horvath G, Stutz A, Alnemri ES, MacDonald K, Speert D, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Wu J, Monks BG, Fitzgerald KA, et al: Cutting edge: NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. J Immunol. 183:787–791. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Boaru SG, Borkham-Kamphorst E, Van de Leur E, Lehnen E, Liedtke C and Weiskirchen R: NLRP3 inflammasome expression is driven by NF-κB in cultured hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 458:700–706. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kahlenberg JM and Dubyak GR: Mechanisms of caspase-1 activation by P2X7 receptor-mediated K+ release. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 286:C1100–C1108. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kanneganti TD, Lamkanfi M, Kim YG, Chen G, Park JH, Franchi L, Vandenabeele P and Núñez G: Pannexin-1-mediated recognition of bacterial molecules activates the cryopyrin inflammasome independent of Toll-like receptor signaling. Immunity. 26:433–443. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, Samstad EO, Kono H, Rock KL, Fitzgerald KA and Latz E: Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol. 9:847–856. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhou R, Tardivel A, Thorens B, Choi I and Tschopp J: Thioredoxin-interacting protein links oxidative stress to inflammasome activation. Nat Immunol. 11:136–140. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Elinav E, Strowig T, Kau AL, Henao-Mejia J, Thaiss CA, Booth CJ, Peaper DR, Bertin J, Eisenbarth SC, Gordon JI and Flavell RA: NLRP6 inflammasome regulates colonic microbial ecology and risk for colitis. Cell. 145:745–757. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Gremel G, Wanders A, Cedernaes J, Fagerberg L, Hallström B, Edlund K, Sjöstedt E, Uhlén M and Pontén F: The human gastrointestinal tract-specific transcriptome and proteome as defined by RNA sequencing and antibody-based profiling. J Gastroenterol. 50:46–57. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Petrucca A, Paci P, Fuentes S, Praticò G, Capuani G, Masotti A, Reddel S, Russo A, et al: Phylogenetic and metabolic tracking of gut microbiota during perinatal development. PLoS One. 10:e01373472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kempster SL, Belteki G, Forhead AJ, Fowden AL, Catalano RD, Lam BY, McFarlane I, Charnock-Jones DS and Smith GC: Developmental control of the Nlrp6 inflammasome and a substrate, IL-18, in mammalian intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 300:G253–G263. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chudnovskiy A, Mortha A, Kana V, Kennard A, Ramirez JD, Rahman A, Remark R, Mogno I, Ng R, Gnjatic S, et al: Host-Protozoan interactions protect from mucosal infections through activation of the inflammasome. Cell. 167:444–456, e414. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sun Y, Zhang M, Chen CC, Gillilland M III, Sun X, El-Zaatari M, Huffnagle GB, Young VB, Zhang J, Hong SC, et al: Stress-induced corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated NLRP6 inflammasome inhibition and transmissible enteritis in mice. Gastroenterology. 144:1478–1487, e1471-1487.e1-e8. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Birchenough GM, Nyström EE, Johansson ME and Hansson GC: A sentinel goblet cell guards the colonic crypt by triggering Nlrp6-dependent Muc2 secretion. Science. 352:1535–1542. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huber S, Gagliani N, Zenewicz LA, Huber FJ, Bosurgi L, Hu B, Hedl M, Zhang W, O'Connor W Jr, Murphy AJ, et al: IL-22BP is regulated by the inflammasome and modulates tumorigenesis in the intestine. Nature. 491:259–263. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang P, Zhu S, Yang L, Cui S, Pan W, Jackson R, Zheng Y, Rongvaux A, Sun Q, Yang G, et al: Nlrp6 regulates intestinal antiviral innate immunity. Science. 350:826–830. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Elinav E, Thaiss CA and Flavell RA: Analysis of microbiota alterations in inflammasome-deficient mice. Methods Mol Biol. 1040:185–194. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen GY, Liu M, Wang F, Bertin J and Núñez G: A functional role for Nlrp6 in intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. J Immunol. 186:7187–7194. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Normand S, Delanoye-Crespin A, Bressenot A, Huot L, Grandjean T, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Lemoine Y, Hot D and Chamaillard M: Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 6 (NLRP6) controls epithelial self-renewal and colorectal carcinogenesis upon injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:9601–9606. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hu B, Elinav E, Huber S, Strowig T, Hao L, Hafemann A, Jin C, Wunderlich C, Wunderlich T, Eisenbarth SC and Flavell RA: Microbiota-induced activation of epithelial IL-6 signaling links inflammasome-driven inflammation with transmissible cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:9862–9867. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Seo SU, Kamada N, Muñoz-Planillo R, Kim YG, Kim D, Koizumi Y, Hasegawa M, Himpsl SD, Browne HP, Lawley TD, et al: Distinct commensals induce interleukin-1β via NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory monocytes to promote intestinal inflammation in response to injury. Immunity. 42:744–755. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Filardy AA, He J, Bennink J, Yewdell J and Kelsall BL: Posttranscriptional control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in colonic macrophages. Mucosal Immunol. 9:850–858. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Allen IC, TeKippe EM, Woodford RM, Uronis JM, Holl EK, Rogers AB, Herfarth HH, Jobin C and Ting JP: The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a negative regulator of tumorigenesis during colitis-associated cancer. J Exp Med. 207:1045–1056. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hu B, Elinav E, Huber S, Booth CJ, Strowig T, Jin C, Eisenbarth SC and Flavell RA: Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis in the colon is regulated by caspase-1 and NLRC4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:21635–21640. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ruiz PA, Morón B, Becker HM, Lang S, Atrott K, Spalinger MR, Scharl M, Wojtal KA, Fischbeck-Terhalle A, Frey-Wagner I, et al: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut. 66:1216–1224. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zherebiatiev A and Kamyshnyi A: Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome in an experimental model of Oxazolone-induced colitis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 15:39–45. 2016.PubMed/NCBI | |
De la Fuente M, Franchi L, Araya D, Díaz-Jiménez D, Olivares M, Álvarez-Lobos M, Golenbock D, González MJ, López-Kostner F, Quera R, et al: Escherichia coli isolates from inflammatory bowel diseases patients survive in macrophages and activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Int J Med Microbiol. 304:384–392. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bauer C, Duewell P, Lehr HA, Endres S and Schnurr M: Protective and aggravating effects of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in IBD models: Influence of genetic and environmental factors. Dig Dis. 30 Suppl 1:S82–S90. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Hirota SA, Ng J, Lueng A, Khajah M, Parhar K, Li Y, Lam V, Potentier MS, Ng K, Bawa M, et al: NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17:1359–1372. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zaki MH, Boyd KL, Vogel P, Kastan MB, Lamkanfi M and Kanneganti TD: The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis. Immunity. 32:379–391. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Szabo G and Csak T: Inflammasomes in liver diseases. J Hepatol. 57:642–654. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mandrekar P, Ambade A, Lim A, Szabo G and Catalano D: An essential role for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in alcoholic liver injury: Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatology. 54:2185–2197. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Miura K, Kodama Y, Inokuchi S, Schnabl B, Aoyama T, Ohnishi H, Olefsky JM, Brenner DA and Seki E: Toll-like receptor 9 promotes steatohepatitis by induction of interleukin-1beta in mice. Gastroenterology. 139:323–334.e327. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kubes P and Mehal WZ: Sterile inflammation in the liver. Gastroenterology. 143:1158–1172. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Csak T, Pillai A, Ganz M, Lippai D, Petrasek J, Park JK, Kodys K, Dolganiuc A, Kurt-Jones EA and Szabo G: Both bone marrow-derived and non-bone marrow-derived cells contribute to AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a MyD88-dependent manner in dietary steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 34:1402–1413. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rao RK and Samak G: Bile duct epithelial tight junctions and barrier function. Tissue Barriers. 1:e257182013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fickert P, Fuchsbichler A, Wagner M, Zollner G, Kaser A, Tilg H, Krause R, Lammert F, Langner C, Zatloukal K, et al: Regurgitation of bile acids from leaky bile ducts causes sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 (Abcb4) knockout mice. Gastroenterology. 127:261–274. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Maroni L, Agostinelli L, Saccomanno S, Pinto C, Giordano DM, Rychlicki C, De Minicis S, Trozzi L, Banales JM, Melum E, et al: Nlrp3 activation induces Il-18 synthesis and affects the epithelial barrier function in reactive cholangiocytes. Am J Pathol. 187:366–376. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ikegami T and Honda A: Reciprocal interactions between bile acids and gut microbiota in human liver diseases. Hepatol Res. 48:15–27. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hofmann AF: The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in mammals: Form and functions. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 14:2584–2598. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Dawson PA and Karpen SJ: Intestinal transport and metabolism of bile acids. J Lipid Res. 56:1085–1099. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ridlon JM, Kang DJ and Hylemon PB: Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria. J Lipid Res. 47:241–259. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Halilbasic E, Claudel T and Trauner M: Bile acid transporters and regulatory nuclear receptors in the liver and beyond. J Hepatol. 58:155–168. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Makishima M, Okamoto AY, Repa JJ, Tu H, Learned RM, Luk A, Hull MV, Lustig KD, Mangelsdorf DJ and Shan B: Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids. Science. 284:1362–1365. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Parks DJ, Blanchard SG, Bledsoe RK, Chandra G, Consler TG, Kliewer SA, Stimmel JB, Willson TM, Zavacki AM, Moore DD and Lehmann JM: Bile acids: Natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor. Science. 284:1365–1368. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Potthoff MJ, Potts A, He T, Duarte JA, Taussig R, Mangelsdorf DJ, Kliewer SA and Burgess SC: Colesevelam suppresses hepatic glycogenolysis by TGR5-mediated induction of GLP-1 action in DIO mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 304:G371–G380. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Schaap FG, Trauner M and Jansen PL: Bile acid receptors as targets for drug development. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 11:55–67. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Reich M, Klindt C, Deutschmann K, Spomer L, Häussinger D and Keitel V: Role of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 in liver damage. Dig Dis. 35:235–240. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kawamata Y, Fujii R, Hosoya M, Harada M, Yoshida H, Miwa M, Fukusumi S, Habata Y, Itoh T, Shintani Y, et al: A G protein-coupled receptor responsive to bile acids. J Biol Chem. 278:9435–9440. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ding JW, Andersson R, Soltesz V, Willén R and Bengmark S: The role of bile and bile acids in bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice in rats. Eur Surg Res. 25:11–19. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Inagaki T, Moschetta A, Lee YK, Peng L, Zhao G, Downes M, Yu RT, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Repa JJ, et al: Regulation of antibacterial defense in the small intestine by the nuclear bile acid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:3920–3925. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wahlström A, Sayin SI, Marschall HU and Bäckhed F: Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Cell Metab. 24:41–50. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang YD, Chen WD, Wang M, Yu D, Forman BM and Huang W: Farnesoid X receptor antagonizes nuclear factor kappaB in hepatic inflammatory response. Hepatology. 48:1632–1643. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wagner M, Zollner G and Trauner M: Nuclear receptors in liver disease. Hepatology. 53:1023–1034. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhu C, Fuchs CD, Halilbasic E and Trauner M: Bile acids in regulation of inflammation and immunity: Friend or foe? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 34 (4 Suppl 98):S25–S31. 2016.PubMed/NCBI | |
Inagaki T, Choi M, Moschetta A, Peng L, Cummins CL, McDonald JG, Luo G, Jones SA, Goodwin B, Richardson JA, et al: Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis. Cell Metab. 2:217–225. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Péan N, Doignon I, Garcin I, Besnard A, Julien B, Liu B, Branchereau S, Spraul A, Guettier C, Humbert L, et al: The receptor TGR5 protects the liver from bile acid overload during liver regeneration in mice. Hepatology. 58:1451–1460. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Baghdasaryan A, Claudel T, Gumhold J, Silbert D, Adorini L, Roda A, Vecchiotti S, Gonzalez FJ, Schoonjans K, Strazzabosco M, et al: Dual farnesoid X receptor/TGR5 agonist INT-767 reduces liver injury in the Mdr2-/- (Abcb4-/-) mouse cholangiopathy model by promoting biliary HCO3 output. Hepatology. 54:1303–1312. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |