In recent years major progress has been made in understanding the molecular steps of death receptor and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Mechanisms of NF-κB-mediated survival (anti-apoptotic) signal have been delineated. A novel anti-apoptotic mechanism of FLIP in the recruitment of RIP and TRAF-1 and TRAF-2 to activate ERK and NF-κB has been defined. These are some of the recent discoveries in death receptor and mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis that have been reviewed in this article.

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