Nodal activates smad and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 pathways promoting renal cell carcinoma proliferation

Zhang,Zhiwei; Jiang,Tao; Li,Quanlin; Wang,Jianbo; Yang,Deyong; Li,Xiancheng; Wang,Qifei; Song,Xishuang

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3343

Nodal activates smad and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 pathways promoting renal cell carcinoma proliferation

Authors:
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Tao Jiang
- Quanlin Li
- Jianbo Wang
- Deyong Yang
- Xiancheng Li
- Qifei Wang
- Xishuang Song
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Affiliations: Department of Urinary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
Published online on: February 12, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3343
Pages: 587-594

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Abstract

Expression of the nodal gene is high in a number of tumor cell types and may promote tumor growth. The expression of lefty, an inhibitor of nodal is often reduced in tumor cells. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have investigated the expression of nodal and lefty in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. In the present study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that the level of nodal expression in RCC cells was high compared with that of adjacent non‑tumor tissue cells, while the opposite pattern was observed for the level of lefty expression. Furthermore, lefty overexpression in RCC cells inhibited the expression of nodal. Nodal overexpression promoted RCC cell proliferation and invasion, and inhibited RCC cell apoptosis. Nodal downregulation and lefty overexpression led to similar observations: The inhibition of RCC cell proliferation and invasion, and the promotion of RCC cell apoptosis. The results of the present study suggested that the expression of nodal promoted RCC growth by activating the smad and extracellular signal‑regulated kinases 1/2 pathways. The expression of lefty in RCC cells was lower than that in adjacent non‑tumor cells, which may result in the overexpression of nodal, thereby promoting the growth of RCC. The results of the present study may therefore be useful for the development of novel biomarkers for RCC tumor diagnosis, and suggest a potential target gene for the treatment of RCC.

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