Association between xanthine dehydrogenase tag single nucleotide polymorphisms and essential hypertension

Wu,Baogang; Hao,Ying; Shi,Jin; Geng,Ning; Li,Tiejun; Chen,Yanli; Sun,Zhaoqing; Zheng,Liqiang; Li,Hong; Li,Naijing; Zhang,Xingang; Sun,Yingxian

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4135

Association between xanthine dehydrogenase tag single nucleotide polymorphisms and essential hypertension

Authors:
- Baogang Wu
- Ying Hao
- Jin Shi
- Ning Geng
- Tiejun Li
- Yanli Chen
- Zhaoqing Sun
- Liqiang Zheng
- Hong Li
- Naijing Li
- Xingang Zhang
- Yingxian Sun
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China, Department of Geriatrics, Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
Published online on: July 29, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.4135
Pages: 5685-5690
Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the association between xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in the rural Han Chinese population of Fuxin, Liaoning. Han Chinese individuals, who had lived in rural areas of Fuxin, were selected as subjects for the present study. A total of 521 unrelated patients with hypertension were selected, along with a further 533 unrelated individuals with normal blood pressure, in order to serve as controls. Five tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the XDH gene were selected. An estimation of SNP allele frequency was determined using DNA pooling and pyrosequencing methods. Prior to Bonferroni correction, T allele frequency for rs206811 was significantly higher in patients with hypertension, as compared with the controls (64.1 vs. 59.4%; P=0.031); C allele frequency for rs1042039 was significantly higher in patients with hypertension, as compared with the controls (66.1 vs. 60.6%; P=0.011), C allele frequency for rs1054889 was significantly lower in patients with hypertension, as compared with the controls (38.8 vs. 44.8%; P=0.007); and A allele frequency for rs2073316 was significantly lower in patients with hypertension, as compared with the controls (29.2 vs. 34.4%; P=0.013). However, once a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied, the XDH gene polymorphisms rs1042039, rs1054889, and rs2073316 were shown to be associated with hypertension (P=0.044, 0.035, and 0.039, respectively). These results suggest that the XDH gene polymorphisms rs1042039, rs1054889, and rs2073316 may be associated with hypertension in the rural Han Chinese population.

View Figures

View References

1	Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK and He J: Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 365:217–223. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Li YC, Wang LM, Jiang Y, Li XY, Zhang M and Hu N: Prevalence of hypertension among Chinese adults in 2010. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 46:409–413. 2012.In Chinese. PubMed/NCBI
3	Rutherford PA: Genetic influences in human hypertension. J Hypertens. 21:19–22. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Ji W, Foo JN, O'Roak BJ, Zhao H, Larson MG, Simon DB, Newton-Cheh C, State MW, Levy D and Lifton RP: Rare independent mutations in renal salt handling genes contribute to blood pressure variation. Nat Genet. 40:592–599. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Yang J, Kamide K, Kokubo Y, Takiuchi S, Horio T, Matayoshi T, Yasuda H, Miwa Y, Yoshii M, Yoshihara F, et al: Associations of hypertension and its complications with variations in the xanthine dehydrogenase gene. Hypertens Res. 31:931–940. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Yü TF, Berger L, Dorph DJ and Smith H: Renal function in gout. V. Factors influencing the renal hemodynamics. Am J Med. 67:766–771. 1979. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Alderman MH, Cohen H, Madhavan S and Kivlighn S: Serum uric acid and cardiovascular events in successfully treated hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 34:144–150. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Reboldi G, Santeusanio F, Porcellati C and Brunetti P: Relation between serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular disease in essential hypertension. The PIUMA study. Hypertension. 36:1072–1078. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Minoshima S, Wang Y, Ichida K, Nishino T and Shimizu N: Mapping of the gene for human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase) (XDH) to band p23 of chromosome 2. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 68:52–53. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Sun Z, Zheng L, Detrano R, Zhang D, Zhang X, Xu C, Li J, Liu S, Li J, Hu D and Sun Y: The accelerating epidemic of hypertension among rural Chinese women: Results from Liaoning Province. Am J Hypertens. 21:784–788. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Sun Z, Zheng L, Detrano R, Zhang X, Xu C, Li J, Hu D and Sun Y: Incidence and predictors of hypertension among rural Chinese adults: Results from Liaoning province. Ann Fam Med. 8:19–24. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Gu D, Reynolds K, Wu X, Chen J, Duan X, Muntner P, Huang G, Reynolds RF, Su S, Whelton PK and He J; InterASIA Collaborative Group: The International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in ASIA. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in china. Hypertension. 40:920–927. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Royo JL, Hidalgo M and Ruiz A: Pyrosequencing protocol using a universal biotinylated primer for mutation detection and SNP genotyping. Nat Protoc. 2:1734–1739. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Lavebratt C and Sengul S: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequency estimation in DNA pools using Pyrosequencing. Nat Protoc. 1:2573–2582. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
15	Gruber JD, Colligan PB and Wolford JK: Estimation of single nucleotide polymorphism allele frequency in DNA pools by using Pyrosequencing. Hum Genet. 110:395–401. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Dent CE and Philpot GR: Xanthinuria, an inborn error (or deviation) of metabolism. Lancet. 266:182–185. 1954. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Xu P, Huecksteadt TP and Hoidal JR: Molecular cloning and characterization of the human xanthine dehydrogenase gene (XDH). Genomics. 34:173–180. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Rodríguez-Trelles F, Tarrío R and Ayala FJ: Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH): Episodic evolution of a “neutral” protein. J Mol Evol. 53:485–495. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar
19	Eggermann T, Spengler S, Denecke B, Zerres K and Mache CJ: Multi-exon deletion in the XDH gene as a cause of classical xanthinuria. Clin Nephrol. 79:78–80. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
20	Boban M, Kocic G, Radenkovic S, Pavlovic R, Cvetkovic T, Deljanin-Ilic M, Ilic S, Bobana MD, Djindjic B, Stojanovic D, et al: Circulating purine compounds, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase relationship in essential hypertension and end stage renal disease. Ren Fail. 36:613–618. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Briones AM and Touyz RM: Oxidative stress and hypertension: Current concepts. Curr Hypertens Rep. 12:135–142. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Kawada N, Imai E, Karber A, Welch WJ and Wilcox CS: A mouse model of angiotensin II slow pressor response: Role of oxidative stress. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:2860–2868. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Carlström M, Sällström J, Skøtt O, Larsson E and Persson AE: Uninephrectomy in young age or chronic salt loading causes salt-sensitive hypertension in adult rats. Hypertension. 49:1342–1350. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Cai H and Harrison DG: Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: The role of oxidant stress. Circ Res. 87:840–844. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Laakso J, Mervaala E, Himberg JJ, Teräväinen TL, Karppanen H, Vapaatalo H and Lapatto R: Increased kidney xanthine oxidoreductase activity in salt-induced experimental hypertension. Hypertension. 32:902–906. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Wallwork CJ, Parks DA and Schmid-Schönbein GW: Xanthine oxidase activity in the dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rat. Microvasc Res. 66:30–37. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Laakso JT, Teräväinen TL, Martelin E, Vaskonen T and Lapatto R: Renal xanthine oxidoreductase activity during development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 22:1333–1340. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Lenda DM and Boegehold MA: Effect of a high-salt diet on oxidant enzyme activity in skeletal muscle microcirculation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 282:H395–H402. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI