Gene expression levels of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pulmonary embolism

Lv,Wei; Duan,Qianglin; Wang,Lemin; Gong,Zhu; Yang,Fan; Song,Yanli

doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1344

Gene expression levels of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pulmonary embolism

Authors:
- Wei Lv
- Qianglin Duan
- Lemin Wang
- Zhu Gong
- Fan Yang
- Yanli Song
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
Published online on: February 26, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2013.1344
Pages: 1245-1250

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential gene expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and controls. Twenty patients with PE and twenty control patients matched for gender and age with the PE group were recruited into the study. Human cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect differences in the expression of cytokine-associated genes between the two groups. In PE patients, the expression levels of the genes encoding IFNα5, IFNα6, IFNα8, IFNα14, IFNκ, IFNω1, IFNε1 and IFNγ were significantly lower compared with controls (P<0.05). The expression levels of the genes encoding IL1α, IL2, IL3, IL9, IL13, IL17β, IL19, IL22, IL23α, IL24, IL25 and IL31 were significantly lower (P<0.05), while IL10 and IL28A mRNA expression levels were higher in PE patients compared with controls (P<0.05). In PE patients, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl6, Cxcl13 and Cxcl14 mRNAs were significantly upregulated (P<0.05), however, Cxcl10 mRNA was significantly downregulated (P<0.01). In PE patients, the mRNA expression levels of TNF superfamily members 1, 9 and 13, and TNF receptor superfamily members 1A, 1B, 9, 10B, 10C, 10D and 19L, were significantly upregulated (P<0.05), whereas TNF receptor superfamily members 11B, 19 and 25 were significantly downregulated compared with controls (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony‑stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin and mast cell growth factor were significantly lower in PE patients compared with controls (P<0.05). In PE patients, the mRNA expression levels of a variety of cytokines were imbalanced and cellular immune function was downregulated compared with controls. Thus, PE patients may be more susceptible to infections caused by viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasites.

View Figures

View References

1	Heit JA: The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28:370–372. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Wang L, Song H, Gong Z, Duan Q and Liang A: Acute pulmonary embolism and dysfunction of CD3+ CD8+ T cell immunity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 184:13152011.PubMed/NCBI
3	Haoming S, Lemin W, Zhu G, et al: T cell-mediated immune deficiency or compromise in patients with CTEPH. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 183:417–418. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Sang Y, Rowland RR, Hesse RA and Blecha F: Differential expression and activity of the porcine type I interferon family. Physiol Genomics. 42:248–258. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Day SL, Ramshaw IA, Ramsay AJ and Ranasinghe C: Differential effects of the type I interferons alpha4, beta, and epsilon on antiviral activity and vaccine efficacy. J Immunol. 180:7158–7166. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Abbas AK and Lichtman AH: Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 5th edition. Saunders; Philadelphia, PA: 562. 2005
7	Bray M: The role of the Type I interferon response in the resistance of mice to filovirus infection. J Gen Virol. 82:1365–1373. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
8	van den Broek MF, Müller U, Huang S, Zinkernagel RM and Aguet M: Immune defence in mice lacking type I and/or type II interferon receptors. Immunol Rev. 148:5–18. 1995.PubMed/NCBI
9	Font A and Closa JM: Ultrasonographic localization of a caudal vena cava thrombus in a dog with leishmaniasis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 38:394–396. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Komazaki Y, Sakakibara Y, Sakashita H, Miyazaki Y and Inase N: Pulmonary thromboembolism with pulmonary tuberculosis. Kekkaku. 86:717–722. 2011.(In Japanese).
11	Constant SL and Bottomly K: Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annu Rev Immunol. 15:297–322. 1997.
12	Romagnani S: Biology of human TH1 and TH2 cells. J Clin Immunol. 15:121–129. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Kidd P: Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease. Altern Med Rev. 8:223–246. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
14	LoPresti R, Ferrara F, Canino B, Montana M and Caimi G: Deep venous thrombosis: leukocyte rheology at baseline and after in vitro activation. Haemostasis. 30:168–173. 2000.PubMed/NCBI
15	Esposito CJ, Popescu WM, Rinder HM, Schwartz JJ, Smith BR and Rinder CS: Increased leukocyte-platelet adhesion in patients with graft occlusion after peripheral vascular surgery. Thromb Haemost. 90:1128–1134. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
16	Cocchi F, DeVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC and Lusso P: Identification of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MIP-1 beta as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science. 270:1811–1815. 1995.
17	Crawford A, Angelosanto JM, Nadwodny KL, Blackburn SD and Wherry EJ: A role for the chemokine RANTES in regulating CD8 T cell responses during chronic viral infection. PLoS Pathog. 7:e10020982011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Domachowske JB, Bonville CA, Gao JL, Murphy PM, Easton AJ and Rosenberg HF: The chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha and its receptor CCR1 control pulmonary inflammation and antiviral host defense in paramyxovirus infection. J Immunol. 165:2677–2682. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
19	Trifilo MJ, Bergmann CC, Kuziel WA and Lane TE: CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) regulates CD8(+)-T-cell effector function and migration following viral infection. J Virol. 77:4004–4014. 2003.
20	Vinay DS and Kwon BS: Immunotherapy targeting 4-1BB and its ligand. Int J Hematol. 83:23–28. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Li CH, Xu KL, Pan XY and Du B: Study on control of graft-versus-host disease by blocking CD137-CD137L ligand costimulatory pathway in mice. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 28:93–97. 2007.(In Chinese).
22	Lee SC, Ju SA, Pack HN, et al: 4-1BB (CD137) is required for rapid clearance of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun. 73:5144–5151. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	DeBenedette MA, Wen T, Bachmann MF, et al: Analysis of 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL)-deficient mice and of mice lacking both 4-1BBL and CD28 reveals a role for 4-1BBL in skin allograft rejection and in the cytotoxic T cell response to influenza virus. J Immunol. 163:4833–4841. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
24	Herbein G and O’Brien WA: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF receptors in viral pathogenesis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 223:241–257. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Micheau O and Tschopp J: Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell. 114:181–190. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	de Oliveira Pinto LM, Garcia S, Lecoeur H, Rapp C and Gougeon ML: Increased sensitivity of T lymphocytes to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)- and TNFR2-mediated apoptosis in HIV infection: relation to expression of Bcl-2 and active caspase-8 and caspase-3. Blood. 99:1666–1675. 2002.PubMed/NCBI
27	Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Hattle JM, Izzo A, et al: Disruption of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor production in the lungs severely affects the ability of mice to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Leukoc Biol. 77:914–922. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Wan J, Lu LJ, Miao R, et al: Alterations of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells following acute pulmonary embolism in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 235:989–998. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29	Govinden R and Bhoola KD: Genealogy, expression, and cellular function of transforming growth factor-beta. Pharmacol Ther. 98:257–265. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30	Li MO, Wan YY, Sanjabi S, Robertson AK and Flavell RA: Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 24:99–146. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
31	Haagmans BL, Teerds KJ, van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ, Horzinek MC and Schijns VE: Transforming growth factor beta production during rat cytomegalovirus infection. J Gen Virol. 78(Pt 1): 205–213. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
32	Yoo YD, Ueda H, Park K, et al: Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X transactivator. Role in HBV pathogenesis. J Clin Invest. 97:388–395. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
33	Kekow J, Wachsman W, McCutchan JA, et al: Transforming growth factor-beta and suppression of humoral immune responses in HIV infection. J Clin Invest. 87:1010–1016. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
34	Gong Z, Liang AB, Wang LM, et al: The expression and significance of immunity associated genes mRNA in patients with pulmonary embolism. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 48:666–669. 2009.(In Chinese).