Diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma

Li,Fangyin; Xu,Yipeng; Wang,Hua; Chen,Bo; Wang,Zongping; Zhao,Yang; Zhu,Shaoxing; Chen,Guiping

doi:10.3892/ol.2015.2909

Diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma

Authors:
- Fangyin Li
- Yipeng Xu
- Hua Wang
- Bo Chen
- Zongping Wang
- Yang Zhao
- Shaoxing Zhu
- Guiping Chen
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
Published online on: January 27, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.2909
Pages: 1687-1690

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Penile verrucous carcinoma is an extremely rare disease that, at present, has not been well characterized. The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this carcinoma remain poorly understood, particularly in the Chinese population. The aim of the present study was to discuss the methods of diagnosis and treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma in the Chinese population. The clinical and pathological data of 10 patients with penile verrucous carcinoma were analyzed alongside a literature review. All the tumors were exophytic papillary lesions, ranging between 0.4 and 4 cm in diameter and all 10 patients underwent partial penectomy with tumor‑negative surgical margins. None of the 10 patients underwent ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy. All patients were regularly followed up for 0.7‑9 years, which revealed that no patients developed recurrence, and only one case resulted in mortality due to unassociated causes. It was found that penile verrucous carcinoma is a well‑differentiated disease with low malignant potential and locally aggressive features, which seldom metastasizes to regional lymph nodes or distant regions. However, misdiagnosis may occur due to an incorrect biopsy. Favorable outcomes can be achieved by surgery, even without any adjuvant therapy, but patients should be carefully followed up.

View Figures

View References

1	Chaux A and Cubilla AL: Advances in the pathology of penile carcinomas. Hum Pathol. 43:771–789. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Wu JP: Wu Jieping’s Urology. First edition. Shandong Science and Technology Press; Jinan, Shandong: pp. 10132004
3	Mannweiler S, Sygulla S, Winter E and Regauer S: Two major pathways of penile carcinogenesis: HPV-induced penile cancers overexpress p16ink4a, HPV-negative cancers associated with dermatoses express p53, but lack p16ink4a overexpression. J Am Acad Dermatol. 69:73–81. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Sheen MC, Sheu HM, Jang MY, et al: Advanced penile verrucous carcinoma treated with intra-aortic infusion chemotherapy. J Urol. 183:1830–1835. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Fujimoto N, Nakanishi G, Ushida H, et al: Penile verrucous carcinoma arising in HPV-negative condylomatous papules. Eur J Dermatol. 21:436–438. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
6	Stankiewicz E, Kudahetti SC, Prowse DM, et al: HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis. Mod Pathol. 22:1160–1168. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Ackerman LV: Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Surgery. 23:670–678. 1948.PubMed/NCBI
8	Cuesta KH, Palazzo JP and Mittal KR: Detection of human papillomavirus in verrucous carcinoma from HIV-seropositive patients. J Cutan Pathol. 25:165–170. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Gualco M, Bonin S, Foglia G, et al: Morphologic and biologic studies on ten cases of verrucous carcinoma of the vulva supporting the theory of a discrete clinico-pathologic entity. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 13:317–324. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Kraus FT and Perezmesa C: Verrucous carcinoma. Clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia. Cancer. 19:26–38. 1966. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Gross G and Pfister H: Role of human papillomavirus in penile cancer, penile intraepithelial squamous cell neoplasias and in genital warts. Med Microbiol Immunol. 193:35–44. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
12	Chaux A and Cubilla AL: The role of human papillomavirus infection in the pathogenesis of penile squamous cell carcinomas. Semin Diagn Pathol. 29:67–71. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Velazquez EF, Chaux A and Cubilla AL: Histologic classification of penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Semin Diagn Pathol. 29:96–102. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Chen MF, Chen WC, Wu CT, et al: Contemporary management of penile cancer including surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy: an experience in Taiwan. World J Urol. 22:60–66. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
15	Schwartz RA: Verrucous carcinoma of the skin and mucosa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 32:1–21. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Seixas AL, Ornellas AA, Marota A, et al: Verrucous carcinoma of the penis: retrospective analysis of 32 cases. J Urol. 152:1476–1479. 1994.PubMed/NCBI
17	Shimizu A, Tamura A and Ishikawa O: Invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from verrucous carcinoma. Recognition of verrucous carcinoma of skin as an in situ carcinoma. Eur J Dermatol. 16:439–442. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
18	Velazquez EF, Soskin A, Bock A, et al: Epithelial abnormalities and precancerous lesion of anterior urethra in patients with penile carcinoma: a report of 89 cases. Mod Pathol. 18:917–923. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Hatzichristou DG, Apostolidis A, Tzortzis V, et al: Glansectomy: an altemative surgical treatment for Buschke-Löwenstein tumors of the penis. Urology. 57:966–969. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI