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COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Konstantinos Tsamakis
    • Dimitrios Tsiptsios
    • Andreas Ouranidis
    • Christoph Mueller
    • Dimitrios Schizas
    • Christos Terniotis
    • Nikolaos Nikolakakis
    • Georgios Tyros
    • Stylianos Kympouropoulos
    • Andreas Lazaris
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Nikolaos Smyrnis
    • Emmanouil Rizos
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland SR4 7TP, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom, First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, General Hospital of Agrinio, Agrinio 30100, Greece, Department of Dermatology, Syggros Hospital, Athens 16121, Greece, Department of Vascular Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
    Copyright: © Tsamakis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 244
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    Published online on: January 22, 2021
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9675
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Abstract

As one year is approaching since the beginning of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic, it is important to acknowledge the detrimental effect that it is having on mental health at the individual, societal and public health levels. The current review presents the direct and indirect psychological impact of COVID‑19 on the general public, as well as on vulnerable groups, including the elderly, the young, healthcare professionals, people with pre‑existing mental health issues, those infected by COVID‑19, homeless people and refugees. Important findings are discussed in the present review, including the social stigma in older people associated with portraying COVID‑19 as the disease of the elderly, and the limited psychological impact of COVID‑19 in the severely mentally ill, alongside the response of the mental healthcare systems globally to this unparalleled public health crisis. The important lessons to be learnt so far can help formulate individual mental health recommendations, as well as improved intervention and prevention public health strategies.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tsamakis K, Tsiptsios D, Ouranidis A, Mueller C, Schizas D, Terniotis C, Nikolakakis N, Tyros G, Kympouropoulos S, Lazaris A, Lazaris A, et al: COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 244, 2021.
APA
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C. ... Rizos, E. (2021). COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 244. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9675
MLA
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C., Nikolakakis, N., Tyros, G., Kympouropoulos, S., Lazaris, A., Spandidos, D. A., Smyrnis, N., Rizos, E."COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.3 (2021): 244.
Chicago
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C., Nikolakakis, N., Tyros, G., Kympouropoulos, S., Lazaris, A., Spandidos, D. A., Smyrnis, N., Rizos, E."COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 3 (2021): 244. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9675
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tsamakis K, Tsiptsios D, Ouranidis A, Mueller C, Schizas D, Terniotis C, Nikolakakis N, Tyros G, Kympouropoulos S, Lazaris A, Lazaris A, et al: COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 244, 2021.
APA
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C. ... Rizos, E. (2021). COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 244. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9675
MLA
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C., Nikolakakis, N., Tyros, G., Kympouropoulos, S., Lazaris, A., Spandidos, D. A., Smyrnis, N., Rizos, E."COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.3 (2021): 244.
Chicago
Tsamakis, K., Tsiptsios, D., Ouranidis, A., Mueller, C., Schizas, D., Terniotis, C., Nikolakakis, N., Tyros, G., Kympouropoulos, S., Lazaris, A., Spandidos, D. A., Smyrnis, N., Rizos, E."COVID‑19 and its consequences on mental health (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 3 (2021): 244. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.9675
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