Open Access

Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic CAFs: From differential treatment outcomes to treatment opportunities (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Zixing Kou
    • Cun Liu
    • Wenfeng Zhang
    • Changgang Sun
    • Lijuan Liu
    • Qiming Zhang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 4, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2024.5642
  • Article Number: 54
  • Copyright: © Kou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Compared with primary tumor sites, metastatic sites appear more resistant to treatments and respond differently to the treatment regimen. It may be due to the heterogeneity in the microenvironment between metastatic sites and primary tumors. Cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are widely present in the tumor stroma as key components of the tumor microenvironment. Primary tumor CAFs (pCAFs) and metastatic CAFs (mCAFs) are heterogeneous in terms of source, activation mode, markers and functional phenotypes. They can shape the tumor microenvironment according to organ, showing heterogeneity between primary tumors and metastases, which may affect the sensitivity of these sites to treatment. It was hypothesized that understanding the heterogeneity between pCAFs and mCAFs can provide a glimpse into the difference in treatment outcomes, providing new ideas for improving the rate of metastasis control in various cancers.
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May-2024
Volume 64 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Kou Z, Liu C, Zhang W, Sun C, Liu L and Zhang Q: Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic CAFs: From differential treatment outcomes to treatment opportunities (Review). Int J Oncol 64: 54, 2024
APA
Kou, Z., Liu, C., Zhang, W., Sun, C., Liu, L., & Zhang, Q. (2024). Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic CAFs: From differential treatment outcomes to treatment opportunities (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 64, 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2024.5642
MLA
Kou, Z., Liu, C., Zhang, W., Sun, C., Liu, L., Zhang, Q."Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic CAFs: From differential treatment outcomes to treatment opportunities (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 64.5 (2024): 54.
Chicago
Kou, Z., Liu, C., Zhang, W., Sun, C., Liu, L., Zhang, Q."Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic CAFs: From differential treatment outcomes to treatment opportunities (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 64, no. 5 (2024): 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2024.5642