Embelin-induced brain glioma cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via the mitochondrial pathway Retraction in /10.3892/or.2023.8691

Wang,Aiping; Zhang,Baochao; Zhang,Jiandang; Wu,Wei; Wu,Wei

doi:10.3892/or.2013.2369

Embelin-induced brain glioma cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via the mitochondrial pathway

Retraction in: /10.3892/or.2023.8691

Authors:
- Aiping Wang
- Baochao Zhang
- Jiandang Zhang
- Wei Wu
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Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, Central Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang 473009, P.R. China, Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang 473009, P.R. China, Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China
Published online on: March 29, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2013.2369
Pages: 2473-2478

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Abstract

Brain glioma is the most common malignant intracranial tumor and has become the focus of research on diseases of the central nervous system due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. As a small‑molecule inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), embelin has the ability to specifically inhibit XIAP to control and regulate the apoptosis of various types of tumor cells. However, to date, the mechanism of action for this effect is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role that the mitochondrial pathway plays in embelin-induced brain glioma cell apoptosis and the effect of embelin on the cell cycle. Brain glioma cells were treated with different doses of embelin. The MTT method was used to determine cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis, as well as changes in the cell cycle and cell mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax and Bak as well as cytochrome c. We found that embelin induced a time‑ and dose‑dependent apoptosis of brain glioma cells, and that it could arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Embelin also caused changes in brain glioma cell mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, embelin regulated the shifting of Bax and Bcl-2 to promote the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, thus activating the caspase proteins to cause apoptosis. Thus, embelin induces apoptosis in brain glioma cells which is closely associated with the mitochondrial pathway.

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