Antibody therapies for melanoma: New and emerging opportunities to activate immunity (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Sadek Malas
    • Micaela Harrasser
    • Katie E. Lacy
    • Sophia N. Karagiannis
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 20, 2014     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3275
  • Pages: 875-886
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Abstract

The interface between malignant melanoma and patient immunity has long been recognised and efforts to treat this most lethal form of skin cancer by activating immune responses with cytokine, vaccine and also antibody immunotherapies have demonstrated promise in limited subsets of patients. In the present study, we discuss different antibody immunotherapy approaches evaluated in the context of melanoma, each designed to act on distinct targets and to employ different mechanisms to restrict tumour growth and spread. Monoclonal antibodies recognising melanoma-associated antigens such as CSPG4/MCSP and targeting elements of tumour-associated vasculature (VEGF) have constituted long-standing translational approaches aimed at reducing melanoma growth and metastasis. Recent insights into mechanisms of immune regulation and tumour-immune cell interactions have helped to identify checkpoint molecules on immune (CTLA4, PD-1) and tumour (PD-L1) cells as promising therapeutic targets. Checkpoint blockade with antibodies to activate immune responses and perhaps to counteract melanoma-associated immunomodulatory mechanisms led to the first clinical breakthrough in the form of an anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody. Novel modalities to target key mechanisms of immune suppression and to redirect potent effector cell subsets against tumours are expected to improve clinical outcomes and to provide previously unexplored avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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September-2014
Volume 32 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Malas S, Harrasser M, Lacy KE and Karagiannis SN: Antibody therapies for melanoma: New and emerging opportunities to activate immunity (Review). Oncol Rep 32: 875-886, 2014
APA
Malas, S., Harrasser, M., Lacy, K.E., & Karagiannis, S.N. (2014). Antibody therapies for melanoma: New and emerging opportunities to activate immunity (Review). Oncology Reports, 32, 875-886. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3275
MLA
Malas, S., Harrasser, M., Lacy, K. E., Karagiannis, S. N."Antibody therapies for melanoma: New and emerging opportunities to activate immunity (Review)". Oncology Reports 32.3 (2014): 875-886.
Chicago
Malas, S., Harrasser, M., Lacy, K. E., Karagiannis, S. N."Antibody therapies for melanoma: New and emerging opportunities to activate immunity (Review)". Oncology Reports 32, no. 3 (2014): 875-886. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3275