Open Access

Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xiaoting Zhou
    • Xiaorong Qi
    • Xia Zhao
    • Fan Yang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 22, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
  • Article Number: 31
  • Copyright: © Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign disease, which typically develops along vascular vessels and extends to the inferior vena cava and right atrium of the heart. In the early stages of the disease, the clinical manifestations and the results of imaging examinations are not uniform among patients. Thus, a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis is common. When the tumor extends along the venous system to the pelvic floor vein or through the inferior vena cava involving the right atrium of the heart or the pulmonary artery, severe symptoms occur, such as ascites, dyspnea, heart failure and even sudden mortality. Improving the understanding of IVL to identify and evaluate this disease in its early stages is important. Complete tumor resection remains the primary treatment option for IVL. The recurrence rate of the disease varies depending on multiple factors, such as type of surgical procedure performed. Therefore, long‑term follow‑up is necessary for patients with IVL. The review of recent findings on the molecular and clinicopathological characterization of IVL is important to understand the pathogenesis of IVL. In the present study, the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of IVL are summarized in order to provide a single source of insightful information on IVL.
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January-2024
Volume 27 Issue 1

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Spandidos Publications style
Zhou X, Qi X, Zhao X and Yang F: Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review). Oncol Lett 27: 31, 2024
APA
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., & Yang, F. (2024). Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review). Oncology Letters, 27, 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165
MLA
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., Yang, F."Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)". Oncology Letters 27.1 (2024): 31.
Chicago
Zhou, X., Qi, X., Zhao, X., Yang, F."Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (Review)". Oncology Letters 27, no. 1 (2024): 31. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.14165