Cross‑talk between lymphangiogenesis and malignant melanoma cells: New opinions on tumour drainage and immunization (Review)
- Authors:
- Wei Ju
- Hong-Hua Cai
- Wei Zheng
- De-Ming Li
- Wei Zhang
- Xi-Hu Yang
- Zhi-Xin Yan
-
Affiliations: Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China, Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China - Published online on: January 5, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14215
- Article Number: 81
-
Copyright: © Ju et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
|
Hussein Al-Janabi M, Mohammad JG, Mohsen AY, Saad A and Issa R: Metastatic melanoma to the gallbladder presented as a polyp with acute cholecystitis: A case report from Syria. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 76:1035142022.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Eddy K and Chen S: Overcoming immune evasion in melanoma. Int J Mol Sci. 21:89842020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Schadendorf D, van Akkooi ACJ, Berking C, Griewank KG, Gutzmer R, Hauschild A, Stang A, Roesch A and Ugurel S: Melanoma. Lancet. 392:971–984. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Falk Delgado A, Zommorodi S and Falk Delgado A: Sentinel lymph node biopsy and complete lymph node dissection for melanoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 21:542019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hartman RI and Lin JY: Cutaneous melanoma-a review in detection, staging, and management. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 33:25–38. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ribas A, Hamid O, Daud A, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Kefford R, Joshua AM, Patnaik A, Hwu WJ, Weber JS, et al: Association of pembrolizumab with tumor response and survival among patients with advanced melanoma. JAMA. 315:1600–1609. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Knackstedt T, Knackstedt RW, Couto R and Gastman B: Malignant melanoma: Diagnostic and management update. Plast Reconstr Surg. 142:202e–216e. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Faries MB, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, Andtbacka RH, Mozzillo N, Zager JS, Jahkola T, Bowles TL, Testori A, Beitsch PD, et al: Completion dissection or observation for sentinel-node metastasis in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 376:2211–2222. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pasquali S, van der Ploeg APT, Mocellin S, Stretch JR, Thompson JF and Scolyer RA: Lymphatic biomarkers in primary melanomas as predictors of regional lymph node metastasis and patient outcomes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 26:326–337. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ma Q, Dieterich LC, Ikenberg K, Bachmann SB, Mangana J, Proulx ST, Amann VC, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Baluk P, et al: Unexpected contribution of lymphatic vessels to promotion of distant metastatic tumor spread. Sci Adv. 4:eaat47582018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Oliver G, Kipnis J, Randolph GJ and Harvey NL: The lymphatic vasculature in the 21st century: Novel functional roles in homeostasis and disease. Cell. 182:270–296. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Petrova TV and Koh GY: Organ-specific lymphatic vasculature: From development to pathophysiology. J Exp Med. 215:35–49. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Johnson LA: In sickness and in health: The immunological roles of the lymphatic system. Int J Mol Sci. 22:44582021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pereira ER, Kedrin D, Seano G, Gautier O, Meijer EFJ, Jones D, Chin SM, Kitahara S, Bouta EM, Chang J, et al: Lymph node metastases can invade local blood vessels, exit the node, and colonize distant organs in mice. Science. 359:1403–1407. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Takeda A, Hollmén M, Dermadi D, Pan J, Brulois KF, Kaukonen R, Lönnberg T, Boström P, Koskivuo I, Irjala H, et al: Single-cell survey of human lymphatics unveils marked endothelial cell heterogeneity and mechanisms of homing for neutrophils. Immunity. 51:561–572.e5. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Rodda LB, Lu E, Bennett ML, Sokol CL, Wang X, Luther SA, Barres BA, Luster AD, Ye CJ and Cyster JG: Single-cell RNA sequencing of lymph node stromal cells reveals niche-associated heterogeneity. Immunity. 48:1014–1028.e6. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Fujimoto N, He Y, D'Addio M, Tacconi C, Detmar M and Dieterich LC: Single-cell mapping reveals new markers and functions of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymph nodes. PLoS Biol. 18:e30007042020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zhang L, Zhu L, Yao X, Lou X, Wan J, Duan X, Pan L, Li A, Gu Z, Wang M, et al: Paclitaxel treatment enhances lymphatic metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells via CCL21/CCR7 axis. Int J Biol Sci. 18:1476–1490. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cristiani CM, Turdo A, Ventura V, Apuzzo T, Capone M, Madonna G, Mallardo D, Garofalo C, Giovannone ED, Grimaldi AM, et al: Accumulation of circulating CCR7+ natural killer cells marks melanoma evolution and reveals a CCL19-dependent metastatic pathway. Cancer Immunol Res. 7:841–852. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mendt M and Cardier JE: Activation of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor enhances biological functions associated with B16 melanoma liver metastasis. Melanoma Res. 27:300–308. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
McConnell AT, Ellis R, Pathy B, Plummer R, Lovat PE and O'Boyle G: The prognostic significance and impact of the CXCR4-CXCR7-CXCL12 axis in primary cutaneous melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 175:1210–1220. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Korbecki J, Grochans S, Gutowska I, Barczak K and Baranowska-Bosiacka I: CC chemokines in a tumor: A review of pro-cancer and anti-cancer properties of receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 ligands. Int J Mol Sci. 21:76192020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Alimohammadi M, Rahimi A, Faramarzi F, Alizadeh-Navaei R and Rafiei A: Overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 predicts lymph node metastatic risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine. 148:1556912021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Doron H, Amer M, Ershaid N, Blazquez R, Shani O, Lahav TG, Cohen N, Adler O, Hakim Z, Pozzi S, et al: Inflammatory activation of astrocytes facilitates melanoma brain tropism via the CXCL10-CXCR3 signaling axis. Cell Rep. 28:1785–1798.e6. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Soler-Cardona A, Forsthuber A, Lipp K, Ebersberger S, Heinz M, Schossleitner K, Buchberger E, Gröger M, Petzelbauer P, Hoeller C, et al: CXCL5 facilitates melanoma cell-neutrophil interaction and lymph node metastasis. J Invest Dermatol. 138:1627–1635. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Broggi MAS, Maillat L, Clement CC, Bordry N, Corthésy P, Auger A, Matter M, Hamelin R, Potin L, Demurtas D, et al: Tumor-associated factors are enriched in lymphatic exudate compared to plasma in metastatic melanoma patients. J Exp Med. 216:1091–1107. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ubellacker JM, Tasdogan A, Ramesh V, Shen B, Mitchell EC, Martin-Sandoval MS, Gu Z, McCormick ML, Durham AB, Spitz DR, et al: Lymph protects metastasizing melanoma cells from ferroptosis. Nature. 585:113–118. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Piskounova E, Agathocleous M, Murphy MM, Hu Z, Huddlestun SE, Zhao Z, Leitch AM, Johnson TM, DeBerardinis RJ and Morrison SJ: Oxidative stress inhibits distant metastasis by human melanoma cells. Nature. 527:186–191. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Habenicht LM, Kirschbaum SB, Furuya M, Harrell MI and Ruddell A: Tumor regulation of lymph node lymphatic sinus growth and lymph flow in mice and in humans. Yale J Biol Med. 90:403–415. 2017.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Peppicelli S, Bianchini F and Calorini L: Inflammatory cytokines induce vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in melanoma-associated macrophages and stimulate melanoma lymph node metastasis. Oncol Lett. 8:1133–1138. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Leary N, Walser S, He Y, Cousin N, Pereira P, Gallo A, Collado-Diaz V, Halin C, Garcia-Silva S, Peinado H and Dieterich LC: Melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles mediate lymphatic remodelling and impair tumour immunity in draining lymph nodes. J Extracell Vesicles. 11:e121972022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dadras SS, Paul T, Bertoncini J, Brown LF, Muzikansky A, Jackson DG, Ellwanger U, Garbe C, Mihm MC and Detmar M: Tumor lymphangiogenesis: A novel prognostic indicator for cutaneous melanoma metastasis and survival. Am J Pathol. 162:1951–1960. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pastushenko I, Van den Eynden GG, Vicente-Arregui S, Prieto-Torres L, Alvarez-Alegret R, Querol I, Dirix LY, Carapeto FJ, Vermeulen PB and Van Laere SJ: Increased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in metastatic sentinel lymph nodes is associated with nonsentinel lymph node involvement and distant metastasis in patients with melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 38:338–346. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ayubi E and Safiri S: Lymphatic vessel density and VEGF-C expression as independent predictors of melanoma metastases: Methodological issues. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 71:604–605. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pastushenko I, Vermeulen PB, Carapeto FJ, Van den Eynden G, Rutten A, Ara M, Dirix LY and Van Laere S: Blood microvessel density, lymphatic microvessel density and lymphatic invasion in predicting melanoma metastases: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 170:66–77. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Špirić Z, Eri Ž and Erić M: Lymphatic vessel density and VEGF-C expression as independent predictors of melanoma metastases. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 70:1653–1659. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Skobe M, Hamberg LM, Hawighorst T, Schirner M, Wolf GL, Alitalo K and Detmar M: Concurrent induction of lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and macrophage recruitment by vascular endothelial growth factor-C in melanoma. Am J Pathol. 159:893–903. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang M, Xu Y, Wen GZ, Wang Q and Yuan SM: Rapamycin suppresses angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in melanoma by downregulating VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression. Onco Targets Ther. 12:4643–4654. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lee JY, Hong SH, Shin M, Heo HR and Jang IH: Blockade of FLT4 suppresses metastasis of melanoma cells by impaired lymphatic vessels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 478:733–738. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Korhonen EA, Murtomäki A, Jha SK, Anisimov A, Pink A, Zhang Y, Stritt S, Liaqat I, Stanczuk L, Alderfer L, et al: Lymphangiogenesis requires Ang2/Tie/PI3K signaling for VEGFR3 cell-surface expression. J Clin Invest. 132:e1554782022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Rezzola S, Sigmund EC, Halin C and Ronca R: The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression. Med Res Rev. 42:576–614. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wouters J, Kalender-Atak Z, Minnoye L, Spanier KI, De Waegeneer M, Bravo González-Blas C, Mauduit D, Davie K, Hulselmans G, Najem A, et al: Robust gene expression programs underlie recurrent cell states and phenotype switching in melanoma. Nat Cell Biol. 22:986–998. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Arozarena I and Wellbrock C: Phenotype plasticity as enabler of melanoma progression and therapy resistance. Nat Rev Cancer. 19:377–391. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Reticker-Flynn NE, Zhang W, Belk JA, Basto PA, Escalante NK, Pilarowski GOW, Bejnood A, Martins MM, Kenkel JA, Linde IL, et al: Lymph node colonization induces tumor-immune tolerance to promote distant metastasis. Cell. 185:1924–1942.e23. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
García-Silva S, Benito-Martín A, Nogués L, Hernández-Barranco A, Mazariegos MS, Santos V, Hergueta-Redondo M, Ximénez-Embún P, Kataru RP, Lopez AA, et al: Melanoma-derived small extracellular vesicles induce lymphangiogenesis and metastasis through an NGFR-dependent mechanism. Nat Cancer. 2:1387–1405. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Gowda R, Robertson BM, Iyer S, Barry J, Dinavahi SS and Robertson GP: The role of exosomes in metastasis and progression of melanoma. Cancer Treat Rev. 85:1019752020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wakisaka N, Hasegawa Y, Yoshimoto S, Miura K, Shiotani A, Yokoyama J, Sugasawa M, Moriyama-Kita M, Endo K and Yoshizaki T: Primary tumor-secreted lymphangiogenic factors induce pre-metastatic lymphvascular niche formation at sentinel lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One. 10:e01440562015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li L, Wu J, Abdi R, Jewell CM and Bromberg JS: Lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells steer immune responses. Trends Immunol. 42:723–734. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Rovera C, Berestjuk I, Lecacheur M, Tavernier C, Diazzi S, Pisano S, Irondelle M, Mallavialle A, Albrengues J, Gaggioli C, et al: Secretion of IL1 by dedifferentiated melanoma cells inhibits JAK1-STAT3-driven actomyosin contractility of lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells. Cancer Res. 82:1774–1788. 2022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Clasper S, Royston D, Baban D, Cao Y, Ewers S, Butz S, Vestweber D and Jackson DG: A novel gene expression profile in lymphatics associated with tumor growth and nodal metastasis. Cancer Res. 68:7293–7303. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Van de Velde M, Ebroin M, Durré T, Joiret M, Gillot L, Blacher S, Geris L, Kridelka F and Noel A: Tumor exposed-lymphatic endothelial cells promote primary tumor growth via IL6. Cancer Lett. 497:154–164. 2021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dieterich LC, Ikenberg K, Cetintas T, Kapaklikaya K, Hutmacher C and Detmar M: Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels upregulate PDL1 to inhibit T-cell activation. Front Immunol. 8:662017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lane RS, Femel J, Breazeale AP, Loo CP, Thibault G, Kaempf A, Mori M, Tsujikawa T, Chang YH and Lund AW: IFNγ-activated dermal lymphatic vessels inhibit cytotoxic T cells in melanoma and inflamed skin. J Exp Med. 215:3057–3074. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Nörder M, Gutierrez MG, Zicari S, Cervi E, Caruso A and Guzmán CA: Lymph node-derived lymphatic endothelial cells express functional costimulatory molecules and impair dendritic cell-induced allogenic T-cell proliferation. FASEB J. 26:2835–2846. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lund AW, Duraes FV, Hirosue S, Raghavan VR, Nembrini C, Thomas SN, Issa A, Hugues S and Swartz MA: VEGF-C promotes immune tolerance in B16 melanomas and cross-presentation of tumor antigen by lymph node lymphatics. Cell Rep. 1:191–199. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
de Winde CM, Munday C and Acton SE: Molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell migration in immunity and cancer. Med Microbiol Immunol. 209:515–529. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Swartz MA and Lund AW: Lymphatic and interstitial flow in the tumour microenvironment: Linking mechanobiology with immunity. Nat Rev Cancer. 12:210–219. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dubrot J, Duraes FV, Harlé G, Schlaeppi A, Brighouse D, Madelon N, Göpfert C, Stokar-Regenscheit N, Acha-Orbea H, Reith W, et al: Absence of MHC-II expression by lymph node stromal cells results in autoimmunity. Life Sci Alliance. 1:e2018001642018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li CY, Park HJ, Shin J, Baik JE, Mehrara BJ and Kataru RP: Tumor-associated lymphatics upregulate MHC-II to suppress tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci. 23:134702022. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lukacs-Kornek V, Malhotra D, Fletcher AL, Acton SE, Elpek KG, Tayalia P, Collier AR and Turley SJ: Regulated release of nitric oxide by nonhematopoietic stroma controls expansion of the activated T cell pool in lymph nodes. Nat Immunol. 12:1096–1104. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Antohe M, Nedelcu RI, Nichita L, Popp CG, Cioplea M, Brinzea A, Hodorogea A, Calinescu A, Balaban M, Ion DA, et al: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes: The regulator of melanoma evolution. Oncol Lett. 17:4155–4161. 2019.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mihm MC Jr and Mulé JJ: Reflections on the histopathology of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma and the host immune response. Cancer Immunol Res. 3:827–835. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Durante MA, Rodriguez DA, Kurtenbach S, Kuznetsov JN, Sanchez MI, Decatur CL, Snyder H, Feun LG, Livingstone AS and Harbour JW: Single-cell analysis reveals new evolutionary complexity in uveal melanoma. Nat Commun. 11:4962020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li H, van der Leun AM, Yofe I, Lubling Y, Gelbard-Solodkin D, van Akkooi ACJ, van den Braber M, Rozeman EA, Haanen JBAG, Blank CU, et al: Dysfunctional CD8 T cells form a proliferative, dynamically regulated compartment within human melanoma. Cell. 176:775–789.e18. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yang J, Lian JW, Chin YH, Wang L, Lian A, Murphy GF and Zhou L: Assessing the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with melanoma using pathologic features identified by natural language processing. JAMA Netw Open. 4:e21263372021. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Khong HT, Wang QJ and Rosenberg SA: Identification of multiple antigens recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from a single patient: Tumor escape by antigen loss and loss of MHC expression. J Immunother. 27:184–190. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Maeurer MJ, Gollin SM, Martin D, Swaney W, Bryant J, Castelli C, Robbins P, Parmiani G, Storkus WJ and Lotze MT: Tumor escape from immune recognition: Lethal recurrent melanoma in a patient associated with downregulation of the peptide transporter protein TAP-1 and loss of expression of the immunodominant MART-1/Melan-A antigen. J Clin Invest. 98:1633–1641. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Al-Batran SE, Rafiyan MR, Atmaca A, Neumann A, Karbach J, Bender A, Weidmann E, Altmannsberger HM, Knuth A and Jäger E: Intratumoral T-cell infiltrates and MHC class I expression in patients with stage IV melanoma. Cancer Res. 65:3937–3941. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Rodig SJ, Gusenleitner D, Jackson DG, Gjini E, Giobbie-Hurder A, Jin C, Chang H, Lovitch SB, Horak C, Weber JS, et al: MHC proteins confer differential sensitivity to CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade in untreated metastatic melanoma. Sci Transl Med. 10:eaar33422018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Passarelli A, Mannavola F, Stucci LS, Tucci M and Silvestris F: Immune system and melanoma biology: A balance between immunosurveillance and immune escape. Oncotarget. 8:106132–106142. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Failli A, Legitimo A, Orsini G, Romanini A and Consolini R: Numerical defect of circulating dendritic cell subsets and defective dendritic cell generation from monocytes of patients with advanced melanoma. Cancer Lett. 337:184–192. 2023. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Garcia-Diaz A, Shin DS, Moreno BH, Saco J, Escuin-Ordinas H, Rodriguez GA, Zaretsky JM, Sun L, Hugo W, Wang X, et al: Interferon receptor signaling pathways regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression. Cell Rep. 19:1189–1201. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jacobs JFM, Nierkens S, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM and Adema GJ: Regulatory T cells in melanoma: The final hurdle towards effective immunotherapy? Lancet Oncol. 13:e32–e42. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Petrova V, Arkhypov I, Weber R, Groth C, Altevogt P, Utikal J and Umansky V: Modern aspects of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma. Int J Mol Sci. 21:23672020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Falleni M, Savi F, Tosi D, Agape E, Cerri A, Moneghini L and Bulfamante GP: M1 and M2 macrophages' clinicopathological significance in cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res. 27:200–210. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chen G, Huang AC, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu M, Xu W, Yu Z, Yang J, Wang B, Sun H, et al: Exosomal PD-L1 contributes to immunosuppression and is associated with anti-PD-1 response. Nature. 560:382–386. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Fankhauser M, Broggi MAS, Potin L, Bordry N, Jeanbart L, Lund AW, Da Costa E, Hauert S, Rincon-Restrepo M, Tremblay C, et al: Tumor lymphangiogenesis promotes T cell infiltration and potentiates immunotherapy in melanoma. Sci Transl Med. 9:eaal47122017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Moussion C and Turley SJ: Tumour lymph vessels boost immunotherapy. Nature. 552:340–342. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lund AW, Wagner M, Fankhauser M, Steinskog ES, Broggi MA, Spranger S, Gajewski TF, Alitalo K, Eikesdal HP, Wiig H and Swartz MA: Lymphatic vessels regulate immune microenvironments in human and murine melanoma. J Clin Invest. 126:3389–3402. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bordry N, Broggi MAS, de Jonge K, Schaeuble K, Gannon PO, Foukas PG, Danenberg E, Romano E, Baumgaertner P, Fankhauser M, et al: Lymphatic vessel density is associated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and immunosuppressive factors in human melanoma. Oncoimmunology. 7:e14628782018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Sautès-Fridman C, Petitprez F, Calderaro J and Fridman WH: Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 19:307–325. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J, Zhang S, Basar R, Thakur R, Yizhak K, Sade-Feldman M, Blando J, Han G, et al: B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature. 577:549–555. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cipponi A, Mercier M, Seremet T, Baurain JF, Théate I, van den Oord J, Stas M, Boon T, Coulie PG and van Baren N: Neogenesis of lymphoid structures and antibody responses occur in human melanoma metastases. Cancer Res. 72:3997–4007. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ladányi A, Sebestyén T, Mohos A, Liszkay G, Somlai B, Tóth E and Tímár J: Ectopic lymphoid structures in primary cutaneous melanoma. Pathol Oncol Res. 20:981–985. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cabrita R, Lauss M, Sanna A, Donia M, Skaarup Larsen M, Mitra S, Johansson I, Phung B, Harbst K, Vallon-Christersson J, et al: Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma. Nature. 577:561–565. 2020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Maibach F, Sadozai H, Seyed Jafari SM, Hunger RE and Schenk M: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their prognostic value in cutaneous melanoma. Front Immunol. 11:21052020. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |
