C‑reactive protein and related predictors in soft tissue sarcoma (Review)
- Authors:
- Tomoki Nakamura
- Kunihiro Asanuma
- Tomohito Hagi
- Akihiro Sudo
-
Affiliations: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514‑8507, Japan - Published online on: November 24, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2023.2704
- Article Number: 6
-
Copyright: © Nakamura et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
|
Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 69:7–34. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bourcier K, Le Cense A, Tselikas L, Adam J, Mir L, Honore C and de Baere T: Basic knowledge in soft tissue sarcoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 42:1255–1261. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Pisters PW, Leung DH, Woodruff J, Shi W and Brennan MF: Analysis of prognostic factors in 1,041 patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. J Clin Oncol. 14:1679–1689. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Callegaro D, Miceli R, Bonvalot S, Ferguson P, Strauss DC, Levy A, Griffin A, Hayes AJ, Stacchiotti S, Pechoux CL, et al: Development and external validation of two nomograms to predict overall survival and occurrence of distant metastases in adults after surgical resection of localised soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities: A retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol. 17:671–680. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
De Sanctis R, Zelic R and Santoro A: Nomograms predicting local and distant recurrence and diease-specific mortality for R0/R1 soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Front Oncol. 12(941896)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Gronchi A, Miah AB, Dei Tos AP, Abecassis N, Bajpai J, Bauer S, Biagini R, Bielack S, Blay JY, Bolle S, et al: ESMO guidelines committee, EURACAN and GENTURIS. Soft tissue and visceral sarcomas: ESMO-EURACAN-GENTURIS clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 32:1348–1365. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tanaka K, Mizusawa J, Naka N, Kawai A, Katagiri H, Hiruma T, Matsumoto Y, Tsuchiya H, Nakayama R, Hatano H, et al: Ten-year follow-up results of perioperative chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities: Japan clinical oncology group study of JCOG0304. BMC Cancer. 19(890)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Asanuma K, Takao M, Yamanaka T, Koike H, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Tsukushi S, Kuroda H, Kozawa E, Sano M, et al: Clinical outcome in soft tissue sarcoma patients with lung metastasis who received metastasectomy and/or radiofrequency ablation: Tokai Musculoskeletal oncology consortium study. Cancer Manag Res. 13:8473–8480. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kawamoto T, Hara H, Morishita M, Fukase N, Kawakami Y, Takemori T, Fujiwara S, Kitayama K, Yahiro S, Miyamoto T, et al: Prognostic influence of the treatment approach for pulmonary metastasis in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Exp Metastasis. 37:509–517. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Smrke A, Wang Y and Simmons C: Update on systemic therapy for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. Curr Oncol. 27:25–33. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Balkwill F and Mantovani A: Inflammation and cancer: Back to Virchow? Lancet. 357:539–545. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Colotta JF, Allavena P, Sica A, Garlanda C and Mantovani A: Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: Links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis. 30:1073–1081. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hart PC, Rajab IM, Alebraheem M and Potempa LA: C-reactive protein and cancer-diagnostic and therapeutic insights. Front Immunol. 11(595835)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Coussens LM and Werb Z: Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 420:860–867. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wu ES, Oduyebo T, Cobb LP, Cholakian D, Kong X, Fader AN, Levinson KL, Tanner EJ III, Stone RL, Piotrowski A, et al: Lymphopenia and its association with survival in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 140:76–82. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Matsuyama Y, Nakamura T, Yoshida K, Nakamura K, Hagi T, Asanuma K and Sudo A: Role the prognostic nutritional index in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. In Vivo. 35:2349–2355. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kitamura H, Ohno Y, Toyoshima Y, Ohtake J, Homma S, Kawamura H, Takahashi N and Taketomi A: Interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling as a promising target to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Sci. 108:1947–1952. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Castell JV, Gómez-Lechón MJ, David M, Fabra R, Trullenque R and Heinrich PC: Acute-phase response of human hepatocytes; regulation of acute-phase protein synthesis by interleukin-6. Hepatology. 12:1179–1186. 1990.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura K, Nakamura T, Iino T, Hagi T, Kita K, Asanuma K and Sudo A: Expression of interleukin-6 and the interleukin-6 receptor predicts the clinical outcome of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Cancers (Basel). 12(585)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Fu Q, Chang Y, An H, Fu H, Zhu Y, Xu L, Zhang W and Xu J: Prognostic value of interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor in organ-confined clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: A 5-year conditional cancer-specific survival analysis. Br J Cancer. 113:1581–1589. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hagi T, Nakamura T, Iino T, Matsubara T, Asanuma K, Matsumine A and Sudo A: The diagnostic and prognostic value of interleukin-6 in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Sci Rep. 7(9640)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Rutkowski P, Kaminska J, Kowalska M, Ruka W and Steffen J: Cytokine serum levels in soft tissue sarcoma patients: Correlations with clinic-pathological features and prognosis. Int J Cancer. 100:463–471. 2002.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Can C, Acikalin MF, Ozen A and Dundar E: Prognostic impact of intratumoral C-reactive protein expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Int. 92:270–275. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nazoe T, Korenaga D, Futatsugi M, Saeki H, Maehara Y and Sugimachi K: Immunohistochemical expression of C-reactive protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus-significance as a tumor maker. Cancer Lett. 192:89–95. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bruno F, Arrigoni F, Mariani S, Splendiani A, Cesare ED, Masciocchi C and Barile A: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of soft tissue tumors: Techniques and applications. Radiol Med. 124:243–252. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Costa FM, Martins PH, Canella C and Lopes FPPL: Mutliparametric MR imaging of soft tissue tumors and psudotumors. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 26:543–558. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Beaman FD, Jelinek JS and Priebat DA: Current imaging and therapy of malignant soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 17:168–176. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Matsumine A, Iino T, Matsubara T, Asanuma K, Uchida A and Sudo A: Role of high- sensitivity C-reactive protein in the differentiation of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Anticancer Res. 34:933–936. 2014.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ariizumi T, Kawashima H, Ogose A, Sasaki T, Hotta T, Hatano H, Morita T and Endo N: The diagnostic and prognostic value of hematological and chemical abnormalities in soft tissue sarcomas: A comparative study in patients with benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 48:11–17. 2018.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Fujibuchi T, Miyawaki J, Kidani T, Imai H and Miura H: Prediction of soft tissue sarcoma from clinical characteristics and laboratory data. Cancers (Basel). 12(679)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yano Y, Ohno T, Komura K, Fukuokaya W, Uchimoto T, Adachi T, Hirasawa Y, Hashimoto T, Yoshizawa A, Yamazaki S, et al: Serum C-reactive protein level predicts overall survival for clear cell and non clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with lpilimumab plus nivolmab. Cancers (Basel). 14(5659)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Patel SH, Derweesh IH, Saito K, Patil D, Meagher MF, Bindayi A, Eldefrawy A, Patel DN, Nasseri R, Yasuda Y, et al: Preoperative elevation of C-reactive protein is a predictor for adverse oncologic survival outcomes for renal cell carcinoma: Analysis from the international market consortium renal cancer (INMARC). Clin Genitourin Cancer. 19:e206–e215. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Ghuman S, Van Hemelrijck M, Garmo H, Holmberg L, Malmström H, Lambe M, Hammar N, Walldius G, Jungner I and Wulaningsih W: Serum inflammatory markers and colorectal cancer risk and survival. Br J Cancer. 116:1358–1365. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Okada S, Shimomura M, Tsunezuka H, Teramukai S, Ishihara S, Shimada J and Inoue M: Prognostic significance of preoperative C-reactive protein in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 32:1046–1055. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Lu J, Xu BB, Xue Z, Xie JW, Zheng CH, Huang CM and Li P: Prioperative CRP: A novel inflammation-based classification in gastric cancer for recurrence and chemotherapy benefit. Cancer Med. 10:34–44. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Liao DW, Hu X, Wang Y, Yang ZQ and Li X: C-reactive protein is a predictor of prognosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 50:161–171. 2020.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ishibashi Y, Tsujimoto H, Hiraki S, Kumano I, Yaguchi Y, Horiguchi H, Nomura S, Ito N, Shinto E, Aosasa S, et al: Prognostic value of preoperative systemic inflammatory measures in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 25:3288–3299. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Matsumine A, Matsubara T, Asanuma K, Uchida A and Sudo A: Clinical significance of pretreatment C-reactive protein level in soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer. 118:1055–1061. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Guillou L, Coindre JM, Bonichon F, Nguyen BB, Terrier P, Collin F, Vilain MO, Mandard AM, Le Doussal V, Leroux A, et al: Comparative study of the national cancer institute and french federation of cancer centers sarcoma group grading systems in a population of 410 adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma. J Clin Oncol. 15:350–362. 1997.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Grimer R, Gaston C, Francis M, Charman J, Graunt P, Uchida A, Sudo A and Jeys L: The value of C-reactive protein and comorbidity in predicting survival of patients with high grade soft tissue sarcoma. Eur J Cancer. 49:377–385. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Szkandera J, Gerger A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Absenger G, Stotz M, Samonigg H, Maurer-Ertl W, Stojakovic T, Ploner F, Leithner A and Pichler M: Validation of the prognostic relevance of C-reactive protein levels in soft tissue sarcoma patients. Br J Cancer. 109:2316–2322. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Choi ES, Kim HS and Han I: Elevated preoperative systemic inflammatory markers predict poor outcome in localized soft tissue sarcoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 21:778–785. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Panotopoulos J, Posch F, Alici B, Funovics P, Stihsen C, Amann G, Brodowicz T, Windhager R and Ay C: Hemoglobin, alkalic phoshatase, and C-reactive protein predict the outcome in patients with liposarcoma. J Orthop Res. 33:765–770. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sambri A, Zucchini R, Giannini C, Cevolani L, Fiore M, Spinnato P, Bianchi G, Donati DM and De Paolis M: Syetemic inflammation is associated with oncological outcome in patients with high-grade myxofibrosarcoma of the extremities: A retrospective analysis. Oncol Res Treat. 43:531–538. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yanagisawa M, Gingrich AA, Judge S, Li CS, Wang N, Thorpe SW, Kirane AR, Bold RJ, Monjazeb AM and Canter RJ: Serum C-reactive protein and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio after neoadjuvant radiotherapy in soft tissue sarcoma. Anticancer Res. 38:1491–1497. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Sato Y, Nakano K, Wang X, Fukuda N, Urasaki T, Ohmoto A, Hayashi N, Yunokawa M, Ono M, Tomomatsu J, et al: Pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictive marker of pazopanib treatment for soft-tissue sarcoma. Cancers (Basel). 13(6266)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Katagiri H, Shido Y, Hamada S, Yamada K, Nagano A, Yamada S, Tsukushi S, Ishimura D, Matsumine A, et al: Analysis of factors for predicting survival in soft-tissue sarcoma with metastatic disease at initial presentation. Anticancer Res. 37:3137–3141. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Galon J, Angell HK, Bedognetti D and Marincola FM: The continuum of cancer immunosurveillance: Prognostic, predictive, and mechanistic signatures. Immunity. 39:11–26. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Demaria S and Formenti SC: Radiation as an immunological adjuvant: Current evidence on dose and fractionation. Front Oncol. 2(153)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
McMillan DC, Crozier JE, Canna K, Angerson WJ and McArdle CS: Evaluation of an inflammation-based prognostic score (GPS) in patients undergoing resection for colon and rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis. 22:881–886. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Wu TH, Tsai YT, Chen KY, Yap WK and Luan CW: Utility of high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score in cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 24(1318)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Kimura S, D’ Andrea D, Soria F, Foerster B, Abufaraj M, Vartolomei MD, Iwata T, Karakiewicz PI, Rink M, Gust KM, et al: Prognostic value of modified Glasgow prognostic score in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 37:179.e19–179.e28. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Levitt DG and Levitt MD: Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements. Int J Gen Med. 9:229–255. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Gatta A, Verardo A and Bolognesi M: Hypoalbuminemia. Intern Emerg Med. 7 (Suppl 3):S193–S199. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Spence S, Doonan J, Farhan-Alanie OM, Chan CD, Tong D, Cho HS, Sahu MA, Traub F and Gupta S: The MPGS Study Group. Does the modified Glasgow prognostic score aid in the management of patients undergoing surgery for a soft-tissue sarcoma?: An international multicentre study. Bone Joint J. 104-B:168–176. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Matsumine A, Asanuma K, Matsubara T and Sudo A: The value of the high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score in predicting the survival of patients with a soft-tissue sarcoma. Bone Joint J. 97-B:847–852. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Tsuda Y, Ogura K, Kobayashi E, Hiruma T, Iwata S, Asano N, Kawai A, Chuman H, Ishii T, Morioka H, et al: Impact of geriatric factors on surgical and prognostic outcomes in elderly patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 47:422–429. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Jiang SS, Jiang L, Weng DS, Li YF, Pan QZ, Zhao JJ, Tang Y, Zhou ZW and Xia JC: Immunization-based scores as independent prognostic predictors in soft tissue sarcoma patients. J Cancer. 8:606–616. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Maretty-Kongstad K, Keller J and Safwat A: Serum biomarkers as prognostic factors for metastatic sarcoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 31:242–249. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hou T, Guo T, Nie R, Hong D, Zhou Z, Zhang X and Liang Y: The prognostic role of the preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index and high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score in patients after radical operation for soft tissue sarcoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 46:1496–1502. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Mahyudin F, Edward M, Basuki MH, Basrewan Y, Hernugrahanto KD and Wahyudiputra AG: Analysis of prognostic factors in soft tissue sarcoma: Cancer registry from a single tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 57:257–263. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Asanuma K, Hagi T and Sudo A: Modified Glasgow prognostic score is better for predicting oncological outcome in patients with soft tissue sarcoma, compared to High-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score. J Inflamm Res. 15:3891–3899. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Hagi T, Asanuma K and Sudo A: Is lymphocyte C-reactive protein ratio useful for predicting survival in patients with non-metastatic soft tissue sarcoma? Cancers (Basel). 14(5214)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Matsui Y, Matsuda A, Maejima A, Shinoda Y, Nakamura E, Komiyama M and Fujimoto H: The clinical significance of perioperative inflammatory index as a prognostic factor for patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 27:1093–1100. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Fontana R, Bregni M, Cipponi A, Raccosta L, Rainelli C, Maggioni D, Lunghi F, Ciceri FL, Mukenge S, Doglioni C, et al: Peripheral blood lymphocytes genetically modified to express the self/tumor antigen mage-a3 induce antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. Blood. 113:1651–1660. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nishi M, Shimada M, Tokunaga T, Higashijima J, Yoshikawa K, Kashihara H, Takasu C, Ishikawa D, Wada Y, Eto S and Yoshimoto T: Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio predicts long-term outcomes for patients with lower rectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 19(201)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Yugawa K, Maeda T, Kinjo N, Kawata K, Ikeda S, Edahiro K, Edagawa M, Omine T, Kometani T, Yamaguchi S, et al: Prognostic impact of lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio in patients who underwent surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 26:104–112. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Yamamoto A, Shigemori T, Ichikawa T, Yin C, Suzuki A, Fujikawa H, Yasuda H, Hiro J, et al: Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio and score are clinically feasible nutrition-inflammation markers of outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Clin Nutr. 39:1209–1217. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Nakamura T, Matsumine A, Matsubara T, Asanuma K, Uchida A and Sudo A: The combined use of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein level as prognostic predictors in adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma. J Surg Oncol. 108:481–485. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Powell DR and Huttenlocher A: Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Immunol. 37:41–52. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Idowu OK, Ding Q, Taktak AFG, Chandrasekar CR and Yin Q: Clinical implication of pretreatment nuetrophil to lymphocyte ratio in soft tissue sarcoma. Biomarkers. 17:539–544. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Cupp MA, Cariolou M, Tzoulaki I, Aune D, Evangelou E and Berlanga-Taylor AJ: nuetrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 18(360)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Hagi T, Nakamura T, Kita K, Iino T, Asanuma K and Sudo A: Anti-tumour effect of tocilizumab for osteosarcoma cell lines. Bone Joint Res. 9:821–826. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar |
