Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
April-2016 Volume 4 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2016 Volume 4 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Wei‑Wei Chen
    • Xia Zhang
    • Wen‑Juan Huang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 403-407
    |
    Published online on: February 22, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.607
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The benefits of physical exercise on the brain and general wellness are well recognised, but not particularly well known to the general public. Understanding the importance of integrating active behavior for overall health is crucial at any age and particularly for the elderly who are at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease mainly affecting individuals aged >65 years. AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular senile plaques of amyloid‑β, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of the protein tau, brain atrophy and dementia. The beneficial effects of physical exercise have been observed on the maintenance of brain size and efficiency for the prevention of AD risks, such as obesity, hypertension and stroke. These effects are extended to individuals with, or at risk of dementia and other age‑related neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, although extensive studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical exercise procures beneficial effects, data suggest the relevance of integrating physical exercise in the prevention and/or cure of AD, disease whose incidence is predicted to increase in the future. Such an increase, may pose medical, social and economical challenges for populations and the health care system worldwide. In the present review we assess the positive aspects of physical exercise with regard to prevention and cure of AD.
View Figures
View References

1 

Baker LD, Frank LL, Foster-Schubert K, Green PS, Wilkinson CW, McTiernan A, Plymate SR, Fishel MA, Watson GS, Cholerton BA, et al: Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: A controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 67:71–79. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Radak Z, Zhao Z, Koltai E, Ohno H and Atalay M: Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal. 18:1208–1246. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

van Praag H, Fleshner M, Schwartz MW and Mattson MP: Exercise, energy intake, glucose homeostasis, and the brain. J Neurosci. 34:15139–15149. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Gertz K, Priller J, Kronenberg G, Fink KB, Winter B, Schröck H, Ji S, Milosevic M, Harms C, Böhm M, et al: Physical activity improves long-term stroke outcome via endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent augmentation of neovascularization and cerebral blood flow. Circ Res. 99:1132–1140. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Zoladz JA and Pilc A: The effect of physical activity on the brain derived neurotrophic factor: From animal to human studies. J Physiol Pharmacol. 61:533–541. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Garuffi M, Costa JLR, Hernández SSS, Vital TM, Stein AM, dos Santos JG and Stella F: Effects of resistance training on the performance of activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 13:322–328. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Bow C, Cheung C, Gao Y, Xiao S, Lau K, Soong C, Yeung S and Kung A: Bone mineral density and serum osteoprotegerin levels in pre-and post-menopausal women. Hong Kong Med J. 17:92011.

8 

American College of Sports Medicine: American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41:687–708. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, MacPherson K and Rockwood K: Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol. 58:498–504. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Hurley BF, Hanson ED and Sheaff AK: Strength training as a countermeasure to aging muscle and chronic disease. Sports Med. 41:289–306. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Burns JM, Johnson DK, Watts A, Swerdlow RH and Brooks WM: Reduced lean mass in early Alzheimer disease and its association with brain atrophy. Arch Neurol. 67:428–433. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Boyle PA, Buchman AS, Wilson RS, Leurgans SE and Bennett DA: Association of muscle strength with the risk of Alzheimer disease and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older persons. Arch Neurol. 66:1339–1344. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Taaffe DR, Irie F, Masaki KH, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Ross GW and White LR: Physical activity, physical function, and incident dementia in elderly men: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 63:529–535. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, Cummings JL, Dekosky ST, Barberger-Gateau P, Delacourte A, Frisoni G, Fox NC, Galasko D, et al: Revising the definition of Alzheimer's disease: A new lexicon. Lancet Neurol. 9:1118–1127. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Zhao Y and Zhao B: Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2013:3165232013.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Castellani R, Hirai K, Aliev G, Drew KL, Nunomura A, Takeda A, Cash AD, Obrenovich ME, Perry G and Smith MA: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 70:357–360. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Zhang C, Rissman RA and Feng J: Characterization of ATP alternations in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model. J Alzheimers Dis. 44:375–378. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

18 

Kwiatkowski D, Czarny P, Galecki P, Bachurska A, Talarowska M, Orzechowska A, Bobińska K, Bielecka-Kowalska A, Pietras T, Szemraj J, et al: Variants of Base Excision Repair Genes MUTYH, PARP1 and XRCC1 in Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Neuropsychobiology. 71:176–186. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Gandhi S and Abramov AY: Mechanism of oxidative stress in neurodegeneration. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012:4280102012.PubMed/NCBI

20 

Ito E, Oka K, Etcheberrigaray R, Nelson TJ, McPhie DL, Tofel-Grehl B, Gibson GE and Alkon DL: Internal Ca2+ mobilization is altered in fibroblasts from patients with Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:534–538. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

da Silva, Oliveira GL and de Freitas RM: Potential involvement of oxidative stress in induction of neurodegenerative diseases: Actions, mechanisms and neurotherapeutic potential of natural antioxidants. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 8:685–700. 2014.

22 

Gerenu G, Liu K, Chojnacki JE, Saathoff JM, Martínez-Martín P, Perry G, Zhu X, Lee HG and Zhang S: Curcumin/melatonin hybrid 5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-pentanoic acid [2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide ameliorates AD-like pathology in the APP/PS1 mouse model. ACS Chem Neurosci. 6:1393–1399. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Butterfield DA, Drake J, Pocernich C and Castegna A: Evidence of oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease brain: Central role for amyloid β-peptide. Trends Mol Med. 7:548–554. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Chamorro A, Pujol J, Saiz A, Vila N, Vilanova JC, Alday M and Blanc R: Periventricular white matter lucencies in patients with lacunar stroke. A marker of too high or too low blood pressure? Arch Neurol. 54:1284–1288. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Pantoni L: Cerebral small vessel disease: From pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 9:689–701. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Aguero-Torres H, Kivipelto M and von Strauss E: Rethinking the dementia diagnoses in a population-based study: What is Alzheimer's disease and what is vascular dementia? A study from the kungsholmen project. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 22:244–249. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Kalaria RN, Kenny RA, Ballard CG, Perry R, Ince P and Polvikoski T: Towards defining the neuropathological substrates of vascular dementia. J Neurol Sci. 226:75–80. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Mutrux S: Contribution to the differential histological study of dementia senilis & Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatr Neurol (Basel). 136:146–156. 1958.(In French). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Yamamoto Y, Craggs L, Baumann M, Kalimo H and Kalaria RN: Review: Molecular genetics and pathology of hereditary small vessel diseases of the brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 37:94–113. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Tikka S, Baumann M, Siitonen M, Pasanen P, Pöyhönen M, Myllykangas L, Viitanen M, Fukutake T, Cognat E, Joutel A, et al: CADASIL and CARASIL. Brain Pathol. 24:525–544. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Kalaria RN and Pax AB: Increased collagen content of cerebral microvessels in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 705:349–352. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Schultz JJ, Witt SA, Glascock BJ, Nieman ML, Reiser PJ, Nix SL, Kimball TR and Doetschman T: TGF-beta1 mediates the hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth induced by angiotensin II. J Clin Invest. 109:787–796. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Rosenkranz S: TGF-beta1 and angiotensin networking in cardiac remodeling. Cardiovasc Res. 63:423–432. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Yurovsky VV, Gerzanich V, Ivanova S, Dong Y, Tsymbalyuk O and Simard JM: Autocrine TGF-beta1 mediates angiotensin II-induced proliferative response of cerebral vessels in vivo. Am J Hypertens. 20:950–956. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ruiz-Ortega M, Rodríguez-Vita J, Sanchez-Lopez E, Carvajal G and Egido J: TGF-β signaling in vascular fibrosis. Cardiovasc Res. 74:196–206. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Liang WS, Reiman EM, Valla J, Dunckley T, Beach TG, Grover A, Niedzielko TL, Schneider LE, Mastroeni D, Caselli R, et al: Alzheimer's disease is associated with reduced expression of energy metabolism genes in posterior cingulate neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:4441–4446. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Yu F and Swartwood RM: Feasibility and perception of the impact from aerobic exercise in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 27:397–405. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Yaffe K: Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and exercise: One step closer to prevention. Ann Neurol. 68:275–276. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Geda YE, Roberts RO, Knopman DS, Christianson TJ, Pankratz VS, Ivnik RJ, Boeve BF, Tangalos EG, Petersen RC and Rocca WA: Physical exercise, aging, and mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study. Arch Neurol. 67:80–86. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Archer T: Physical exercise alleviates debilities of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 123:221–238. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Vidoni ED, Van Sciver A, Johnson DK, He J, Honea R, Haines B, Goodwin J, Laubinger MP, Anderson HS, Kluding PM, et al: A community-based approach to trials of aerobic exercise in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Contemp Clin Trials. 33:1105–1116. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Hill KD, LoGiudice D, Lautenschlager NT, Said CM, Dodd KJ and Suttanon P: Effectiveness of balance training exercise in people with mild to moderate severity Alzheimer's disease: Protocol for a randomised trial. BMC Geriatr. 9:292009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Etnier JL, Nowell PM, Landers DM and Sibley BA: A meta-regression to examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive performance. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 52:119–130. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar

44 

Venturelli M, Scarsini R and Schena F: Six-month walking program changes cognitive and ADL performance in patients with Alzheimer. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 26:381–388. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Winchester J, Dick MB, Gillen D, Reed B, Miller B, Tinklenberg J, Mungas D, Chui H, Galasko D, Hewett L, et al: Walking stabilizes cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across one year. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 56:96–103. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Suttanon P, Hill KD, Said CM, Williams SB, Byrne KN, LoGiudice D, Lautenschlager NT and Dodd KJ: Feasibility, safety and preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a home-based exercise programme for older people with Alzheimer's disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 27:427–438. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

McArdle WD, Katch FI and Katch VL: Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia, PA: 2010.

48 

McCurry SM, Pike KC, Vitiello MV, Logsdon RG, Larson EB and Teri L: Increasing walking and bright light exposure to improve sleep in community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 59:1393–1402. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Abe K: Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology. 79:1071–1071; author reply 1071. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Buchman AS, Boyle PA, Yu L, Shah RC, Wilson RS and Bennett DA: Total daily physical activity and the risk of AD and cognitive decline in older adults. Neurology. 78:1323–1329. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K and Brayne C: Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: An analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol. 13:788–794. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Pitkälä KH, Pöysti MM, Laakkonen ML, Tilvis RS, Savikko N, Kautiainen H and Strandberg TE: Effects of the Finnish Alzheimer disease exercise trial (FINALEX): A randomized controlled trial. JAMA Intern Med. 173:894–901. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Hamer M and Chida Y: Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol Med. 39:3–11. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Um HS, Kang EB, Koo JH, Kim HT, Jin-Lee Kim EJ, Yang CH, An GY, Cho IH and Cho JY: Treadmill exercise represses neuronal cell death in an aged transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Res. 69:161–173. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Yu F, Kolanowski AM, Strumpf NE and Eslinger PJ: Improving cognition and function through exercise intervention in Alzheimer's disease. J Nurs Scholarsh. 38:358–365. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Rolland Y, Pillard F, Klapouszczak A, Reynish E, Thomas D, Andrieu S, Rivière D and Vellas B: Exercise program for nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease: A 1-year randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 55:158–165. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Buschert V, Bokde AL and Hampel H: Cognitive intervention in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 6:508–517. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

58 

Cendoroglo MS, Thiessen EJ, Blake CM, Forbes SS and Forbes S: Exercise programs for people with dementia. Sao Paulo Med J. 132:195–196. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Scarmeas N, Luchsinger JA, Brickman AM, Cosentino S, Schupf N, Xin-Tang M, Gu Y and Stern Y: Physical activity and Alzheimer disease course. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 19:471–481. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Regan C, Katona C, Walker Z and Livingston G: Relationship of exercise and other risk factors to depression of Alzheimer's disease: The LASER-AD study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 20:261–268. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Williams CL and Tappen RM: Exercise training for depressed older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Aging Ment Health. 12:72–80. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Williams CL and Tappen RM: Effect of exercise on mood in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 22:389–397. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Hernandez SS, Coelho FG, Gobbi S and Stella F: Effects of physical activity on cognitive functions, balance and risk of falls in elderly patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Rev Bras Fisioter. 14:68–74. 2010.(In Portuguese). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

de Andrade LP, Gobbi LT, Coelho FG, Christofoletti G, Costa JL and Stella F: Benefits of multimodal exercise intervention for postural control and frontal cognitive functions in individuals with Alzheimer's disease: A controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 61:1919–1926. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Yuede CM, Zimmerman SD, Dong H, Kling MJ, Bero AW, Holtzman DM, Timson BF and Csernansky JG: Effects of voluntary and forced exercise on plaque deposition, hippocampal volume, and behavior in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis. 35:426–432. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

66 

Wolf SA, Kronenberg G, Lehmann K, Blankenship A, Overall R, Staufenbiel M and Kempermann G: Cognitive and physical activity differently modulate disease progression in the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-23 model of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 60:1314–1323. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, Sloan R, Gage FH, Brown TR and Small SA: An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:5638–5643. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Lange-Asschenfeldt C and Kojda G: Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction and the benefits of exercise: From vessels to neurons. Exp Gerontol. 43:499–504. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, Elavsky S, Marquez DX, Hu L and Kramer AF: Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 61:1166–1170. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Radak Z, Hart N, Sarga L, Koltai E, Atalay M, Ohno H and Boldogh I: Exercise plays a preventive role against Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 20:777–783. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

71 

Um HS, Kang EB, Leem YH, Cho IH, Yang CH, Chae KR, Hwang DY and Cho JY: Exercise training acts as a therapeutic strategy for reduction of the pathogenic phenotypes for Alzheimer's disease in an NSE/APPsw-transgenic model. Int J Mol Med. 22:529–539. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

72 

Pérez CA and Cancela Carral JM: Benefits of physical exercise for older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Nurs. 29:384–391. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

van Praag H, Christie BR, Sejnowski TJ and Gage FH: Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 96:13427–13431. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, Kim JS, Heo S, Alves H, White SM, et al: Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108:3017–3022. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Coelho FG, Vital TM, Stein AM, Arantes FJ, Rueda AV, Camarini R, Teodorov E and Santos-Galduróz RF: Acute aerobic exercise increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in elderly with Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 39:401–408. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

76 

Belarbi K, Burnouf S, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Laurent C, Lestavel S, Figeac M, Sultan A, Troquier L, Leboucher A, Caillierez R, et al: Beneficial effects of exercise in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like Tau pathology. Neurobiol Dis. 43:486–494. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Leem YH, Lee YI, Son HJ and Lee SH: Chronic exercise ameliorates the neuroinflammation in mice carrying NSE/htau23. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 406:359–365. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Schinder AF and Poo M: The neurotrophin hypothesis for synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 23:639–645. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

79 

Gottschalk WA, Jiang H, Tartaglia N, Feng L, Figurov A and Lu B: Signaling mechanisms mediating BDNF modulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Learn Mem. 6:243–256. 1999.PubMed/NCBI

80 

Colcombe S and Kramer AF: Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: A meta-analytic study. Psychol Sci. 14:125–130. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Angevaren M, Aufdemkampe G, Verhaar H, Aleman A and Vanhees L: Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 3:CD0053812008.PubMed/NCBI

82 

Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Hoffman BM, Cooper H, Strauman TA, Welsh-Bohmer K, Browndyke JN and Sherwood A: Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 72:239–252. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Vaynman S, Ying Z and Gomez-Pinilla F: Hippocampal BDNF mediates the efficacy of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. Eur J Neurosci. 20:2580–2590. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Chen WW, Zhang X and Huang WJ: Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review). Biomed Rep 4: 403-407, 2016.
APA
Chen, W., Zhang, X., & Huang, W. (2016). Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review). Biomedical Reports, 4, 403-407. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.607
MLA
Chen, W., Zhang, X., Huang, W."Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review)". Biomedical Reports 4.4 (2016): 403-407.
Chicago
Chen, W., Zhang, X., Huang, W."Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review)". Biomedical Reports 4, no. 4 (2016): 403-407. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.607
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Chen WW, Zhang X and Huang WJ: Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review). Biomed Rep 4: 403-407, 2016.
APA
Chen, W., Zhang, X., & Huang, W. (2016). Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review). Biomedical Reports, 4, 403-407. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.607
MLA
Chen, W., Zhang, X., Huang, W."Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review)". Biomedical Reports 4.4 (2016): 403-407.
Chicago
Chen, W., Zhang, X., Huang, W."Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease (Review)". Biomedical Reports 4, no. 4 (2016): 403-407. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.607
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team