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International Journal of Molecular Medicine
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Print ISSN: 1107-3756 Online ISSN: 1791-244X
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September 2011 Volume 28 Issue 3

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

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September 2011 Volume 28 Issue 3

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Review

Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review)

  • Authors:
    • José Rafael Villafán-Bernal
    • Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
    • José Francisco Muñoz-Valle

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colonia Independencia, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Sierra Mojada 950, Colonia Independencia, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
  • Pages: 283-293
    |
    Published online on: May 23, 2011
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.706
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Abstract

Osteocalcin (OC) is encoded by the bone γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) protein (BGLAP) gene, and it is released by osteoblasts during osteogenesis. Its expression can be modulated by growth factors, hormones, cytokines and physical stimuli via signal transduction pathways, binding to the BGLAP gene promoter or interactions with nuclear transcription factors. It was recently demonstrated that uncarboxylated OC improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice by increasing the expression and secretion of insulin in β-cells and of adiponectin in adipocytes. Humans with type 2 diabetes have significantly lower serum levels of OC than healthy individuals and indeed, serum OC levels have been inversely correlated with fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Moreover, several drugs have been shown to influence OC expression and its serum concentration. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of OC expression, and discusses the potential relevance of OC in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Villafán-Bernal JR, Sánchez-Enríquez S and Muñoz-Valle JF: Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review). Int J Mol Med 28: 283-293, 2011.
APA
Villafán-Bernal, J.R., Sánchez-Enríquez, S., & Muñoz-Valle, J.F. (2011). Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 28, 283-293. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.706
MLA
Villafán-Bernal, J. R., Sánchez-Enríquez, S., Muñoz-Valle, J. F."Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 28.3 (2011): 283-293.
Chicago
Villafán-Bernal, J. R., Sánchez-Enríquez, S., Muñoz-Valle, J. F."Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 28, no. 3 (2011): 283-293. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.706
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Villafán-Bernal JR, Sánchez-Enríquez S and Muñoz-Valle JF: Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review). Int J Mol Med 28: 283-293, 2011.
APA
Villafán-Bernal, J.R., Sánchez-Enríquez, S., & Muñoz-Valle, J.F. (2011). Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 28, 283-293. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.706
MLA
Villafán-Bernal, J. R., Sánchez-Enríquez, S., Muñoz-Valle, J. F."Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 28.3 (2011): 283-293.
Chicago
Villafán-Bernal, J. R., Sánchez-Enríquez, S., Muñoz-Valle, J. F."Molecular modulation of osteocalcin and its relevance in diabetes (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 28, no. 3 (2011): 283-293. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.706
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