Ovarian epithelial tumours are considered to be endocrine related. The effects of an environment with low levels of the steroid hormones 17 β-estradiol, testosterone or progesterone on cell survival and steroid secretion were studied in primary cell cultures derived from 25 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian tumours. Tumour cells cultured in 17 β-estradiol and testosterone showed a reduced cell survival (-10.3±2.3% and -15.6±2.7% minimum survival respectively). This reduction was inversely proportional to hormone concentrations within the range studied. No similar effect was observed in the progesterone cultures. It was found that 17 β-estradiol was secreted from the primary cell cultures and, interestingly, the amount of 17 β-estradiol secreted increased with increasing levels of 17 β-estradiol in the environment. Neither progesterone nor testosterone production was observed in any of the cultures studied. It is believed that 17 β-estradiol has an antiapoptotic effect on ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. Reduction of 17 β-estradiol in the environment may inhibit this effect, resulting in reduced cell survival. The ability of ovarian epithelial tumour cells to secrete 17 β-estradiol suggests that epithelial ovarian tumours play an active role in altering their own hormonal environment, promoting tumour progression.

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