Population‑based prostate‑specific antigen screening for prostate cancer may have an indirect effect on early detection through opportunistic testing in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan

Kageyama,Susumu; Okinaka,Yuki; Nishizawa,Koji; Yoshida,Toru; Ishitoya,Satoshi; Shichiri,Yasumasa; Kim,Chul Jang; Iwata,Tsuyoshi; Yokokawa,Ryusei; Arai,Yutaka; Nishikawa,Zenkai; Soga,Hiroki; Ushida,Hiroshi; Sakano,Yuji; Naya,Yoshio; Wada,Akinori; Nagasawa,Masayuki; Yoshida,Tetsuya; Narita,Mitsuhiro; Kawauchi,Akihiro

doi:10.3892/mco.2022.2599

January-2023 Volume 18 Issue 1

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January-2023 Volume 18 Issue 1

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Article Open Access

Population‑based prostate‑specific antigen screening for prostate cancer may have an indirect effect on early detection through opportunistic testing in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan

Authors:
- Susumu Kageyama
- Yuki Okinaka
- Koji Nishizawa
- Toru Yoshida
- Satoshi Ishitoya
- Yasumasa Shichiri
- Chul Jang Kim
- Tsuyoshi Iwata
- Ryusei Yokokawa
- Yutaka Arai
- Zenkai Nishikawa
- Hiroki Soga
- Hiroshi Ushida
- Yuji Sakano
- Yoshio Naya
- Akinori Wada
- Masayuki Nagasawa
- Tetsuya Yoshida
- Mitsuhiro Narita
- Akihiro Kawauchi
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Affiliations: Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520‑2192, Japan, Department of Urology, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga 524‑8524, Japan, Department of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520‑8511, Japan, Department of Urology, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520‑0804, Japan, Department of Urology, Kohka Public Hospital, Koka, Shiga 528‑0074, Japan, Department of Urology, Omihachiman Community Medical Center, Omihachiman, Shiga 523‑0082, Japan, Department of Urology, Nagahama City Hospital, Nagahama, Shiga 526‑8580, Japan, Department of Urology, Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Shiga 525‑8585, Japan, Department of Urology, Hino Memorial Hospital, Hino, Shiga 529‑1642, Japan, Department of Urology, Toyosato Hospital, Toyosato, Shiga 529‑1168, Japan, Department of Urology, JCHO Shiga Hospital, Otsu, Shiga 520‑0846, Japan, Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Higashi‑ohmi General Medical Center, Higashiomi, Shiga 527‑8505, Japan, Department of Urology, Nagahama City Kohoku Hospital, Nagahama, Shiga 529‑0493, Japan

Copyright: © Kageyama et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Article Number: 3
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Published online on: November 23, 2022

https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2022.2599
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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most common genitourinary cancer in men. Population‑based serum prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) testing is used to screen men for the early detection of asymptomatic prostate cancer. The present study compared the features of patients with prostate cancer in Kusatsu City, the only municipality in Shiga Prefecture of Japan to implement organized PSA screening, with those in other municipalities. The target population for organized PSA screening by mail invitation was men ≥50 years. Patients were pathologically diagnosed via prostate biopsy because of elevated serum PSA. This multicenter observational study was subsequently conducted in 14 hospitals. The following information was extracted from patient records: age, reason for PSA testing, initial PSA level, Gleason score, clinical stage, and place of residence. Risk classification was defined as low, intermediate, high, and advanced. Each patient was stratified according to their city/town. A total of 984 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in Shiga in 2012 and 2017 were analyzed, of which 955 (97%) were opportunistically tested, with the remaining 29 (3%) assessed by organized screening. In Kusatsu, 93 patients were diagnosed, of whom 26 (28%) were detected by organized screening. By contrast, only three of 891 patients (0.3%) were detected by organized screening in other municipalities. Of patients in Kusatsu, cases identified by opportunistic testing had a higher initial PSA value (P=0.010) than those identified by organized screening. However, patients detected through opportunistic testing in Kusatsu City were younger (P=0.034), had a lower PSA value (P=0.001), and improved risk classification (P<0.001) than those in other municipalities. It was concluded that more patients were diagnosed with early‑stage cancer by organized PSA screening. Furthermore, population‑based PSA screening in Kusatsu City may have indirectly affected early detection, even by opportunistic testing.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Population‑based prostate‑specific antigen screening for prostate cancer may have an indirect effect on early detection through opportunistic testing in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan

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