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Molecular Medicine Reports
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Print ISSN: 1791-2997 Online ISSN: 1791-3004
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December-2026 Volume 34 Issue 6

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Review Open Access

Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xiao Liu
    • Yunyi Huang

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of General Internal Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 338
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    Published online on: October 21, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14049
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Abstract

Liquid‑liquid phase separation (LLPS) enables RNA‑binding proteins (RBPs) to assemble into dynamic biomolecular condensates that influence post‑transcriptional regulation. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), these condensates may alter RNA processing and stability. They can also influence transcript localization and translational output. Through these effects, RBP condensates may contribute to tumor growth and metastatic progression. They may further support metabolic adaptation, immune evasion and resistance to therapy. The present review focuses on the intersection between LLPS and post‑transcriptional regulation in HCC. In addition, the present review critically assessed current evidence for RBP condensate function and distinguish direct HCC findings from mechanistic extrapolation. Unresolved questions regarding causality and clinical translation were also discussed. This framework may help clarify how condensate biology contributes to HCC and where therapeutic opportunities remain.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liu X and Huang Y: Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review). Mol Med Rep 34: 338, 2026.
APA
Liu, X., & Huang, Y. (2026). Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 34, 338. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14049
MLA
Liu, X., Huang, Y."Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34.6 (2026): 338.
Chicago
Liu, X., Huang, Y."Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34, no. 6 (2026): 338. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14049
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liu X and Huang Y: Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review). Mol Med Rep 34: 338, 2026.
APA
Liu, X., & Huang, Y. (2026). Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 34, 338. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14049
MLA
Liu, X., Huang, Y."Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34.6 (2026): 338.
Chicago
Liu, X., Huang, Y."Liquid‑liquid phase separation and post‑transcriptional regulation intersection: A new paradigm of RNA‑binding protein condensates in hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotypes (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 34, no. 6 (2026): 338. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14049
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