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Oncology Letters
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Print ISSN: 1792-1074 Online ISSN: 1792-1082
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September-2026 Volume 32 Issue 3

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

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Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

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Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

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International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

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International Journal of Epigenetics

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Review Open Access

Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Chenyang Zhou
    • Shizheng Tong
    • Danfeng Zhou
    • Yixin Pan
    • Jingjing Xu
    • Sunbin Ling
    • Wei Wu
    • Tingting Feng

  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China, Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China, Department of Colorectal Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 404
    |
    Published online on: July 9, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15759
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Abstract

Conventional carcinomas that lack neuroendocrine morphological features but display detectable expression of neuroendocrine markers through immunohistochemistry are termed conventional carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED). Distinguishing these from mixed neuroendocrine non‑neuroendocrine neoplasms and amphicrine‑like carcinomas is important in accurate diagnosis and clinical management. The present review systematically outlines the advancements in research on gastrointestinal conventional carcinomas with NED, focusing on their characteristics, diagnostic criteria and clinical features. The present review further summarizes the epidemiological and clinical aspects across numerous organs such as the stomach and colorectum, emphasizing common mechanisms and prognostic variability. The future prospects of gastrointestinal conventional carcinomas with NED are also discussed, concentrating on key mechanisms, molecular subtypes and ongoing clinical trials to influence future research and clinical practices.

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou C, Tong S, Zhou D, Pan Y, Xu J, Ling S, Wu W and Feng T: Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 404, 2026.
APA
Zhou, C., Tong, S., Zhou, D., Pan, Y., Xu, J., Ling, S. ... Feng, T. (2026). Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 404. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15759
MLA
Zhou, C., Tong, S., Zhou, D., Pan, Y., Xu, J., Ling, S., Wu, W., Feng, T."Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.3 (2026): 404.
Chicago
Zhou, C., Tong, S., Zhou, D., Pan, Y., Xu, J., Ling, S., Wu, W., Feng, T."Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 3 (2026): 404. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15759
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhou C, Tong S, Zhou D, Pan Y, Xu J, Ling S, Wu W and Feng T: Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review). Oncol Lett 32: 404, 2026.
APA
Zhou, C., Tong, S., Zhou, D., Pan, Y., Xu, J., Ling, S. ... Feng, T. (2026). Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review). Oncology Letters, 32, 404. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15759
MLA
Zhou, C., Tong, S., Zhou, D., Pan, Y., Xu, J., Ling, S., Wu, W., Feng, T."Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review)". Oncology Letters 32.3 (2026): 404.
Chicago
Zhou, C., Tong, S., Zhou, D., Pan, Y., Xu, J., Ling, S., Wu, W., Feng, T."Gastrointestinal conventional carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: From pathological phenomenon to clinical importance (Review)". Oncology Letters 32, no. 3 (2026): 404. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2026.15759
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