Rare case of <em>Rhodococcus hoagii</em> bacteremia in an HIV late‑presenter with NTM pulmonary disease: A case report and review of the literature

Pulvirenti,Sarah; Marino,Andrea; Stracquadanio,Stefano; Gussio,Maria; Moscatt,Vittoria; Gullotta,Chiara; Spampinato,Serena; Celesia,Benedetto Maurizio; Cacopardo,Bruno; Nunnari,Giuseppe

doi:10.3892/wasj.2024.258

September-October 2024 Volume 6 Issue 5

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September-October 2024 Volume 6 Issue 5

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Case Report Open Access

Rare case of Rhodococcus hoagii bacteremia in an HIV late‑presenter with NTM pulmonary disease: A case report and review of the literature

Authors:
- Sarah Pulvirenti
- Andrea Marino
- Stefano Stracquadanio
- Maria Gussio
- Vittoria Moscatt
- Chiara Gullotta
- Serena Spampinato
- Benedetto Maurizio Celesia
- Bruno Cacopardo
- Giuseppe Nunnari
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I‑98124 Messina, Italy, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, I‑95122 Catania, Italy, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy, Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, I‑95122 Catania, Italy

Copyright: © Pulvirenti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
Article Number: 43
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Published online on: June 20, 2024

https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.258
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Abstract

The present study describes the case of a 33‑year‑old male patient, who was diagnosed with concurrent infections of Rhodococcus hoagii (R. hoagii), Mycobacterium intracellulare (M. intracellulare), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis. This patient, a homeless farm laborer with no prior medical treatments, exhibited symptoms including persistent fever and cough, and was admitted to hospital. Treatment was initiated with a combination of anti‑retroviral therapy with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide/dolutegravir, and antibiotics (azithromycin, rifampicin, amikacin and ethambutol) targeted at both R. hoagii and M. intracellulare, alongside adjustments for drug‑drug interactions due to rifampicin administration. Despite initial improvements and discharge after 21 days with scheduled outpatient follow‑ups, the patient did not return for further treatment monitoring. The case presented herein underscores the challenges in managing complex infections in severely immunocompromised patients and highlights the need for integrated treatment approaches, careful drug management, and robust follow‑up systems to ensure adherence and prevent relapse. In addition, the present case report contributes to the limited literature available on R. hoagii infections in HIV‑infected individuals and highlights the need for early intervention and comprehensive management in similar clinical scenarios

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Rare case of Rhodococcus hoagii bacteremia in an HIV late‑presenter with NTM pulmonary disease: A case report and review of the literature

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Abstract

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