Bioglass 45S5 in dentistry: Current evidence, clinical applications and future perspectives (Review)

Gorassini,Francesca; Galletti,Cosimo; D'amico,Cesare; Galletti,Fulvia; Flores‑Fraile,Javier; Fiorillo,Luca

doi:10.3892/wasj.2026.476

July-August 2026 Volume 8 Issue 4

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July-August 2026 Volume 8 Issue 4

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Bioglass 45S5 in dentistry: Current evidence, clinical applications and future perspectives (Review)

Authors:
- Francesca Gorassini
- Cosimo Galletti
- Cesare D'amico
- Fulvia Galletti
- Javier Flores‑Fraile
- Luca Fiorillo
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Multidisciplinary Department of Medical‑Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, I-80121 Naples, Italy, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy, Department of General Surgery and Surgical‑Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, I-95124 Catania, Italy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna ‘Kore’, I-94100 Enna, Italy

Copyright: © Gorassini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].
Article Number: 61
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Published online on: May 15, 2026

https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2026.476
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Abstract

Bioglass 45S5 (45 wt% SiO₂, 24.5 wt% Na₂O, 24.5 wt% CaO, 6 wt% P₂O₅), developed in the early 1970s, was the first synthetic material shown to chemically bond with living bone. The present narrative review surveys the currently available evidence on its use across the major dental specialties. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases covering publications from 1971 to March, 2026. Bioglass 45S5 forms a carbonated hydroxyapatite layer at the tissue interface through rapid ion‑exchange reactions, thereby promoting cell adhesion, mineralization and tissue bonding. In periodontal surgery, it supports alveolar bone fill and attachment gain; in endodontics, it shows promise for pulp capping and root‑end sealing; 45S5‑containing toothpastes occlude dentinal tubules and reduce hypersensitivity; and as a coating on titanium implants it enhances early osseointegration. However, low fracture toughness, rapid degradation in some formulations, and clinical literature dominated by small, short‑term trials remain key limitations. Advances in sol‑gel synthesis, ion doping, nanoscale engineering and additive manufacturing continue to broaden the therapeutic scope of the material; however, further well‑designed randomized clinical trials are warranted to consolidate the evidence base.

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Bioglass 45S5 in dentistry: Current evidence, clinical applications and future perspectives (Review)

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Abstract

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