Effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) attenuates airway hyperreactivity and inflammation through selective inhibition of the TH2 response independently of antioxidant activity

  • Authors:
    • Jeong-Su Do
    • Hyo-Jung Seo
    • Jin-Ki Hwang
    • Jun-Hee Kim
    • Sang-Yun Nam
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 1, 2007     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.4.631
  • Pages: 631-635
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Abstract

The effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) is an antioxidant cocktail derived from the fermentation of plant material with effective microorganisms, and its clinical application is being increasingly scrutinized. In the current study, the antiasthmatic effect of EM-X was investigated using a mouse model. Inhalation of EM-X during OVA challenge resulted in a significant reduction in airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and airway recruitment of leukocytes including eosinophils. However, the level of 8-isoprostane in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), a marker of oxidative stress in asthmatic patients, was unaltered by EM-X inhalation. Instead, ELISA data showed that levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF or lung tissues were significantly lower in EM-X-inhaling mice than in the control mice, but not the IFN-γ level. A considerably lower amount of Ag-specific IgE and IgG1 was detected in the serum of EM-X-inhaling mice than in the serum of the controls, whereas their IgG2a secretion was similar. In addition, Ag-specific ex vivo IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production of draining lymph node cells was markedly diminished by EM-X inhalation, but not IFN-γ. These data clearly show that inhaled EM-X suppresses type 2 helper T (TH2), but not type 1 helper T (TH1), response. In conclusion, inhalation of EM-X attenuates AHR and airway inflammation which results from selective inhibition of the TH2 response to allergen, but independently of antioxidant activity. Our data also suggest that EM-X may be effectively applied for control of allergic asthma.

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October 2007
Volume 20 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Do J, Seo H, Hwang J, Kim J and Nam S: Effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) attenuates airway hyperreactivity and inflammation through selective inhibition of the TH2 response independently of antioxidant activity. Int J Mol Med 20: 631-635, 2007.
APA
Do, J., Seo, H., Hwang, J., Kim, J., & Nam, S. (2007). Effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) attenuates airway hyperreactivity and inflammation through selective inhibition of the TH2 response independently of antioxidant activity. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 20, 631-635. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.4.631
MLA
Do, J., Seo, H., Hwang, J., Kim, J., Nam, S."Effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) attenuates airway hyperreactivity and inflammation through selective inhibition of the TH2 response independently of antioxidant activity". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20.4 (2007): 631-635.
Chicago
Do, J., Seo, H., Hwang, J., Kim, J., Nam, S."Effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X) attenuates airway hyperreactivity and inflammation through selective inhibition of the TH2 response independently of antioxidant activity". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20, no. 4 (2007): 631-635. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.20.4.631