Pyrogallol as a glutathione depletorinduces apoptosis in HeLa cells

  • Authors:
    • Yong Hwan Han
    • Sung Zoo Kim
    • Suhn Hee Kim
    • Woo Hyun Park
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 1, 2008     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.21.6.721
  • Pages: 721-730
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Abstract

Pyrogallol, a polyphenol, is known to be a superoxide anion (O2·−) generator. We investigated the involvement of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pyrogallol-induced HeLa cell death. We measured the changes of ROS levels, GSH levels, sub-G1 cells, annexin V/PI staining cells and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) in HeLa cells treated with pyrogallol and/or ROS scavenger. The intracellular ROS levels were decreased or increased depending on the concentration of pyrogallol. The level of O2·− was significantly increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was down-regulated by pyrogallol. Pyrogallol reduced intracellular GSH content in HeLa cells. The ROS scavengers, Tempol, Tiron, Trimetazidine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), did not down-regulate the production of O2·−. However, treatment with NAC showed the recovery of GSH depletion and significantly rescued cells from pyrogallol-induced apoptosis. In addition, the recovery of GSH depletion by SOD and catalase was accompanied by the decrease of apoptosis levels. Furthermore, NAC and SOD significantly inhibited CMF-negative (GSH-depleted) and PI-positive cells induced by pyrogallol. Taken together, pyrogallol potently increased intracellular O2·− levels and decreased GSH content in HeLa cells, and NAC, SOD and catalase significantly rescued HeLa cells from pyrogallol-induced apoptosis accompanied by the recovery of GSH depletion.

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June 2008
Volume 21 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Han YH, Kim SZ, Kim SH and Park WH: Pyrogallol as a glutathione depletorinduces apoptosis in HeLa cells. Int J Mol Med 21: 721-730, 2008
APA
Han, Y.H., Kim, S.Z., Kim, S.H., & Park, W.H. (2008). Pyrogallol as a glutathione depletorinduces apoptosis in HeLa cells. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 21, 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.21.6.721
MLA
Han, Y. H., Kim, S. Z., Kim, S. H., Park, W. H."Pyrogallol as a glutathione depletorinduces apoptosis in HeLa cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 21.6 (2008): 721-730.
Chicago
Han, Y. H., Kim, S. Z., Kim, S. H., Park, W. H."Pyrogallol as a glutathione depletorinduces apoptosis in HeLa cells". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 21, no. 6 (2008): 721-730. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.21.6.721