VLHL plasminogen activator inhibitor spontaneously reactivates from the latent to active form

  • Authors:
    • Jerzy Jankun
    • Ansari M. Aleem
    • Steve H. Selman
    • Venkatesha Basrur
    • Ewa Skrzypczak-Jankun
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 1, 2009     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm_00000101
  • Pages: 57-63
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Abstract

Wild-type plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a fast-acting uPA and tPA inhibitor with half-life of 1-2 h. Recombinant PAI-1 with two mutations, Q197C and G355C, shows a very long half-life (VLHL). An introduced disulfide bridge holds together two central, parallel strands of β-sheet A, preventing their separation to incorporate residues P4-P14 during the serpin's transition into latency. An active PAI-1 is usually described as a single structure with the reactive center loop (RCL) with P1-P1' (R369-M370) extended far from the bulk of the serpin's body. We have found that VLHL PAI-1 exists in several active forms that travel with different electrophoretic mobilities. Under aerobic conditions, two distinct active forms are observed. Upon reduction of cysteines, the VLHL mutant converts into the latent form, which spontaneously reactivates into a fully or partially active serpin, with yet another mobility. Utilizing electrophoresis, zymography (to check PAI-1 activity toward uPA) and theoretical calculations for molecular modeling, we have characterized active 1, 2, 3 and latent conformers of VLHL PAI-1 and their behaviors at normal and elevated temperatures, and in normal or reducing environments. VLHL PAI-1 activity is not affected, and the molecules do not polymerize unless reduced and/or heated. VLHL PAI-1 associates into dimers and bigger oligomers when -SH groups become available for oxidation and formation of intra- or intermolecular -S-S- bridges between conformers of different shapes and activities. We postulate that the active structures differ in RCL conformation and their position in relation to the gate region and the rest of the molecule.

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January 2009
Volume 23 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Jankun J, Aleem AM, Selman SH, Basrur V and Skrzypczak-Jankun E: VLHL plasminogen activator inhibitor spontaneously reactivates from the latent to active form. Int J Mol Med 23: 57-63, 2009.
APA
Jankun, J., Aleem, A.M., Selman, S.H., Basrur, V., & Skrzypczak-Jankun, E. (2009). VLHL plasminogen activator inhibitor spontaneously reactivates from the latent to active form. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 23, 57-63. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm_00000101
MLA
Jankun, J., Aleem, A. M., Selman, S. H., Basrur, V., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E."VLHL plasminogen activator inhibitor spontaneously reactivates from the latent to active form". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 23.1 (2009): 57-63.
Chicago
Jankun, J., Aleem, A. M., Selman, S. H., Basrur, V., Skrzypczak-Jankun, E."VLHL plasminogen activator inhibitor spontaneously reactivates from the latent to active form". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 23, no. 1 (2009): 57-63. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm_00000101