Clinicopathologic study of small hepatocellular carcinoma with microscopic satellite nodules to determine the extent of tumor ablation by local therapy

  • Authors:
    • Kozo Ikeda
    • Toshihito Seki
    • Hideto Umehara
    • Ryosuke Inokuchi
    • Toru Tamai
    • Noriko Sakaida
    • Yoshiko Uemura
    • Yasuo Kamiyama
    • Kazuichi Okazaki
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 1, 2007     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.31.3.485
  • Pages: 485-491
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Abstract

To determine the optimal treatment margin of local ablation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated characteristics of microscopic satellite HCC nodules (msn) using resected livers, and the incidence of local recurrences in patients who underwent percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) according to whether or not an adequate treatment margin was achieved. We reviewed 117 single small HCCs (tumor size ≤3 cm ) resected with a ≥1-cm surgical margin. Among the surgically resected tumors, none of the msn were detected by preoperative imaging. When an msn was observed in the resected specimen, the maximum distance from the edge of the tumor to the msn was measured. Among the tumors sized ≤2 cm (n=66), the number having msn and the distance (mm) from the main tumor according to the degree of tumor differentiation were as follows: well (n=16), 1 (6.2%) and 1.4 mm; moderate (n=46), 5 (19.2%) and 5.8±1.2 mm; and poor (n=4), 1 (25.0%) and 4.8 mm. Among the tumors sized 2 to 3 cm (n=51), the corresponding results were: well (n=11), 3 (27.2%) and 3.5±2.2 mm; moderate (n=36), 6 (16.7%) and 5.4±1.4 mm; and poor (n=4), 1 (25.0%) and 4.9 mm. Of the 112 vascular tumors, 17 (15%) had msn. The 5 avascular tumors had no msn. Among the patients who underwent PMCT with a treatment margin measuring <5 mm, local recurrence occurred in 2 of 25 patients whose original tumor was ≤2 cm, and 3 of 25 (12%) patients of those with tumors of 2 to 3 cm. No patient with a tumor ≤3 cm and a ≥5-mm treatment margin suffered a local recurrence. The results of this study suggest that the incidence of local recurrence may be reduced by achieving a treatment margin of any width for avascular tumors and a margin of 1 cm for vascular tumors during local ablation therapy for small HCCs of ≤3 cm.

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September 2007
Volume 31 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Spandidos Publications style
Ikeda K, Seki T, Umehara H, Inokuchi R, Tamai T, Sakaida N, Uemura Y, Kamiyama Y and Okazaki K: Clinicopathologic study of small hepatocellular carcinoma with microscopic satellite nodules to determine the extent of tumor ablation by local therapy. Int J Oncol 31: 485-491, 2007.
APA
Ikeda, K., Seki, T., Umehara, H., Inokuchi, R., Tamai, T., Sakaida, N. ... Okazaki, K. (2007). Clinicopathologic study of small hepatocellular carcinoma with microscopic satellite nodules to determine the extent of tumor ablation by local therapy. International Journal of Oncology, 31, 485-491. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.31.3.485
MLA
Ikeda, K., Seki, T., Umehara, H., Inokuchi, R., Tamai, T., Sakaida, N., Uemura, Y., Kamiyama, Y., Okazaki, K."Clinicopathologic study of small hepatocellular carcinoma with microscopic satellite nodules to determine the extent of tumor ablation by local therapy". International Journal of Oncology 31.3 (2007): 485-491.
Chicago
Ikeda, K., Seki, T., Umehara, H., Inokuchi, R., Tamai, T., Sakaida, N., Uemura, Y., Kamiyama, Y., Okazaki, K."Clinicopathologic study of small hepatocellular carcinoma with microscopic satellite nodules to determine the extent of tumor ablation by local therapy". International Journal of Oncology 31, no. 3 (2007): 485-491. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.31.3.485