1
|
Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of
cancer: the next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
2
|
Thun MJ, Henley SJ and Gansler T:
Inflammation and cancer: an epidemiological perspective. Novartis
Found Symp. 256:6–21. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar
|
3
|
Allavena P, Garlanda C, Borrello MG, Sica
A and Mantovani A: Pathways connecting inflammation and cancer.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 18:3–10. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
4
|
Colotta F, Allavena P, Sica A, Garlanda C
and Mantovani A: Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark
of cancer: links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis.
30:1073–1081. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
5
|
Grivennikov SI, Greten FR and Karin M:
Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 140:883–899. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
6
|
Trinchieri G: Cancer and inflammation: an
old intuition with rapidly evolving new concepts. Annu Rev Immunol.
30:677–706. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
7
|
Boland C, Luciani M, Gasche C and Goel A:
Infection, inflammation, and gastrointestinal cancer. Gut.
54:1321–1331. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
8
|
Potten CS, Gandara R, Mahida YR, Loeffler
M and Wright NA: The stem cells of small intestinal crypts: Where
are they? Cell Prolif. 42:731–750. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
9
|
Barker N, Ridgway RA, van Es JH, et al:
Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer.
Nature. 457:608–611. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
10
|
Sangiorgi E and Capecchi MR: Bmi1 is
expressed in vivo in intestinal stem cells. Nat Genet. 40:915–920.
2008. View
Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
11
|
Dyson JK and Rutter MD: Colorectal cancer
in inflammatory bowel disease: what is the real magnitude of the
risk? World J Gastroenterol. 18:3839–3848. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
12
|
Eaden JA, Abrams KR and Mayberry JF: The
risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis.
Gut. 48:526–535. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
13
|
Canavan C, Abrams KR and Mayberry J:
Meta-analysis: colorectal and small bowel cancer risk in patients
with Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23:1097–1104.
2006.
|
14
|
Rubio CA, Befrits R, Ljung T, Jaramillo E
and Slezak P: Colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative colitis is
decreasing in Scandinavian countries. Anticancer Res. 21:2921–2924.
2001.
|
15
|
Jess T, Loftus EV Jr, Velayos FS, et al:
Risk of intestinal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a
population-based study from Olmsted county, Minnesota.
Gastroenterology. 130:1039–1046. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
16
|
Winther KV, Jess T, Langholz E, Munkholm P
and Binder V: Long-term risk of cancer in ulcerative colitis: a
population-based cohort study from Copenhagen County. Clin
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2:1088–1095. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
17
|
Loftus EV Jr: Epidemiology and risk
factors for colorectal dysplasia and cancer in ulcerative colitis.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 35:517–531. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
18
|
Ullman TA and Itzkowitz SH: Intestinal
inflammation and cancer. Gastroenterology. 140:1807–1816. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
19
|
Harpaz N and Polydorides AD: Colorectal
dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: pathology,
clinical implications, and pathogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med.
134:876–895. 2010.
|
20
|
Riddell RH, Goldman H, Ransohoff DF, et
al: Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: standardized
classification with provisional clinical applications. Hum Pathol.
14:931–968. 1983. View Article : Google Scholar
|
21
|
Friedlich MS, Guindi M and Stern HS: The
management of dysplasia associated with ulcerative colitis:
colectomy versus continued surveillance. Can J Surg. 4:212–214.
2004.PubMed/NCBI
|
22
|
Kulaylat MN and Dayton MT: Ulcerative
colitis and cancer. J Surg Oncol. 101:706–712. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
23
|
Grivennikov SI and Karin M: Inflammation
and oncogenesis: a vicious connection. Curr Opin Genet Dev.
20:65–71. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
24
|
Grivennikov S: Inflammation and colorectal
cancer: colitisassociated neoplasia. Semin Immunopathol.
35:229–244. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
25
|
Fearon ER and Vogelstein B: A genetic
model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell. 61:759–767. 1990.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
26
|
Xie J and Itzkowitz SH: Cancer in
inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 14:378–389.
2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
27
|
Terzić J, Grivennikov S, Karin E and Karin
M: Inflammation and colon cancer. Gastroenterology. 138:2101–2114.
2010.
|
28
|
Itzkowitz SH and Harpaz N: Diagnosis and
management of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel
diseases. Gastroenterology. 126:1634–1648. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
29
|
Taylor BA, Pemberton JH, Carpenter HA, et
al: Dysplasia in chronic ulcerative colitis: implications for
colonoscopic surveillance. Dis Colon Rectum. 35:950–956. 1992.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
30
|
Gorfine SR, Bauer JJ, Harris MT and Kreel
I: Dysplasia complicating chronic ulcerative colitis: is immediate
colectomy warranted? Dis Colon Rectum. 43:1575–1581. 2000.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
31
|
Bernstein CN, Shanahan F and Weinstein WM:
Are we telling patients the truth about surveillance colonoscopy in
ulcerative colitis? Lancet. 343:71–74. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
32
|
Rutter MD, Saunders BP, Wilkinson KH, et
al: Thirty-year analysis of a colonoscopic surveillance program for
neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. 130:1030–1038.
2006.PubMed/NCBI
|
33
|
Connell WR, Lennard-Jones JE, Williams CB,
Talbot IC, Price AB and Wilkinson KH: Factors affecting the outcome
of endoscopic surveillance for cancer in ulcerative colitis.
Gastroenterology. 107:934–944. 1994.PubMed/NCBI
|
34
|
Melville DM, Jass JR, Morson BC, et al:
Observer study of the grading of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis:
comparison with clinical outcome. Hum Pathol. 20:1008–1014. 1989.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
35
|
Sjöqvist U: Dysplasia in ulcerative
colitis - clinical consequences? Langenbecks Arch Surg.
389:354–360. 2004.PubMed/NCBI
|
36
|
Deans C and Wigmore SJ: Systemic
inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. Curr
Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 8:265–269. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
37
|
Philip M, Rowley DA and Schreiber H:
Inflammation as a tumor promoter in cancer induction. Semin Cancer
Biol. 14:433–439. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
38
|
DeNardo DG, Johansson M and Coussens LM:
Immune cells as mediators of solid tumor metastasis. Cancer
Metastasis Rev. 27:11–18. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
39
|
Kalluri R: EMT: when epithelial cells
decide to become mesenchymal-like cells. J Clin Invest.
119:1417–1419. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
40
|
Luo Y, Yu M and Grady WM: Field
cancerization in the colon: a role for aberrant DNA methylation?
Gastroenterol Rep. 2:16–20. 2014.(Epub ahead of print).
|
41
|
Kaler P, Godasi BN, Augenlicht L and
Klampfer L: The NFkappaB/AKT-dependent induction of Wnt signaling
in colon cancer cells by macrophages and IL-1beta. Cancer
Microenviron. 2:69–80. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
42
|
Lee G, Goretsky T, Managlia E, et al:
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling mediates beta-catenin
activation in intestinal epithelial stem and progenitor cells in
colitis. Gastroenterology. 139:869–881. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
43
|
Oguma K, Oshima H, Aoki M, et al:
Activated macrophages promote Wnt signalling through tumor necrosis
factor-alpha in gastric tumor cells. EMBO J. 27:1671–1681. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
44
|
Castellone MD, Teramoto H, Williams BO,
Druey KM and Gutkind JS: Prostaglandin E2 promotes colon cancer
cell growth through a Gs-axin-beta-catenin signaling axis. Science.
310:1504–1510. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
45
|
Corvinus FM, Orth C, Moriggl R, et al:
Persistent STAT3 activation in colon cancer is associated with
enhanced cell proliferation and tumor growth. Neoplasia. 7:545–555.
2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
46
|
Yu H, Kortylewski M and Pardoll D:
Crosstalk between cancer and immune cells: role of STAT3 in the
tumor microenvironment. Nature Rev Immunol. 7:41–51. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
47
|
Van Immerseel F, Ducatelle R, De Vos M, et
al: Butyric acid-producing anaerobic bacteria as a novel probiotic
treatment approach for inflammatory bowel disease. J Med Microbiol.
59:141–143. 2010.
|
48
|
Van der Sluis M, De Koning BA, De Bruijn
AC, et al: Muc2-deficient mice spontaneously develop colitis,
indicating that MUC2 is critical for colonic protection.
Gastroenterology. 131:117–129. 2006.
|
49
|
Velcich A, Yang W, Heyer J, et al:
Colorectal cancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2.
Science. 295:1726–1729. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
50
|
Petersson J, Schreiber O, Hansson GC, et
al: Importance and regulation of the colonic mucus barrier in a
mouse model of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.
300:G327–G333. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
51
|
Arthur JC, Perez-Chanona E, Mühlbauer M,
et al: Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of
the microbiota. Science. 338:120–123. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
52
|
Sharma S, Kelly TK and Jones PA:
Epigenetics in cancer. Carcinogenesis. 31:27–36. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
53
|
Suvà ML, Riggi N and Bernstein BE:
Epigenetic reprogramming in cancer. Science. 339:1567–1570.
2013.
|
54
|
Chiba T, Marusawa H and Ushijima T:
Inflammation-associated cancer development in digestive organs:
mechanisms and roles for genetic and epigenetic modulation.
Gastroenterology. 143:550–563. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
55
|
Niwa T and Ushijima T: Induction of
epigenetic alterations by chronic inflammation and its significance
on carcinogenesis. Adv Genet. 71:41–56. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
56
|
Robertson KD: DNA methylation and human
disease. Nat Rev Genet. 6:597–610. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
57
|
Hahn MA, Hahn T, Lee DH, et al:
Methylation of polycomb target genes in intestinal cancer is
mediated by inflammation. Cancer Res. 68:10280–10289. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
58
|
Cirri P and Chiarugi P:
Cancer-associated-fibroblasts and tumor cells: a diabolic liaison
driving cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 31:195–208.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
59
|
Achyut BR, Bader DA, Robles AI, et al:
Inflammation-mediated genetic and epigenetic alterations drive
cancer development in the neighboring epithelium upon stromal
abrogation of TGF-β signaling. PLoS Genet.
9:e10032512013.PubMed/NCBI
|
60
|
El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH, et al:
Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of
gastric cancer. Nature. 404:398–402. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
61
|
El-Omar EM, Carrington M, Chow WH, et al:
The role of interleukin-1 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of
gastric cancer. Nature. 412:992001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
62
|
Chan AO, Chu KM, Huang C, et al:
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and
interleukin 1beta polymorphism predispose to CpG island methylation
in gastric cancer. Gut. 56:595–597. 2007.
|
63
|
Niwa T, Tsukamoto T, Toyoda T, et al:
Inflammatory processes triggered by Helicobacter pylori
infection cause aberrant DNA methylation in gastric epithelial
cells. Cancer Res. 70:1430–1440. 2010.
|
64
|
McLaughlan JM, Seth R, Vautier G, et al:
Interleukin-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in
inflammatory bowel disease at first presentation. J Pathol.
181:87–92. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
|
65
|
Yoshida T, Yamashita S, Takamura-Enya T,
et al: Alu and Satα hypomethylation in Helicobacter
pylori-infected gastric mucosae. Int J Cancer. 128:33–39.
2011.
|
66
|
Semenza G: Targeting HIF-1 for cancer
therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 3:721–732. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
|
67
|
Giles RH, Lolkema MP, Snijckers CM, et al:
Interplay between VHL/HIF1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways
during colorectal tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 25:3065–3070. 2006.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
68
|
Shah YM, Ito S, Morimura K, Chen C, et al:
Hypoxia-inducible factor augments experimental colitis through an
MIF-dependent inflammatory signaling cascade. Gastroenterology.
134:2036–2048. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
69
|
Imtiyaz HZ, Williams EP, Hickey MM, Patel
SA, et al: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha regulates macrophage
function in mouse models of acute and tumor inflammation. J Clin
Invest. 120:2699–2714. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
70
|
Chaturvedi MM, Sung B, Yadav VR, Kannappan
R and Aggarwal BB: NF-κB addiction and its role in cancer: ‘one
size does not fit all’. Oncogene. 30:1615–1630. 2011.
|
71
|
Colgan SP, Curtis VF and Campbell EL: The
inflammatory tissue microenvironment in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis.
19:2238–2244. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
72
|
Colgan SP and Taylor CT: Hypoxia: an alarm
signal during intestinal inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol
Hepatol. 7:281–287. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
73
|
Clambey ET, McNamee EN, Westrich JA, et
al: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha-dependent induction of FoxP3
drives regulatory T-cell abundance and function during inflammatory
hypoxia of the mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:E2784–E2793.
2012. View Article : Google Scholar
|
74
|
Olaru AV, Selaru FM, Mori Y, et al:
Dynamic changes in the expression of MicroRNA-31 during
inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplastic transformation.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 17:221–231. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
75
|
Gillies RJ and Gatenby RA: Hypoxia and
adaptive landscapes in the evolution of carcinogenesis. Cancer
Metastasis Rev. 26:311–317. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
76
|
Covello KL, Kehler J, Yu H, et al:
HIF-2alpha regulates Oct-4: effects of hypoxia on stem cell
function, embryonic development, and tumor growth. Genes Dev.
20:557–570. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
77
|
Edwards RA, Witherspoon M, Wang K, et al:
Epigenetic repression of DNA mismatch repair by inflammation and
hypoxia in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer.
Cancer Res. 69:6423–6429. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
78
|
Clevers H and Batlle E: SnapShot: the
intestinal crypt. Cell. 152:1198. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
79
|
Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J, et al:
Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker
gene Lgr5. Nature. 449:1003–1007. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
80
|
Barker N, van de Wetering M and Clevers H:
The intestinal stem cell. Genes Dev. 22:1856–1864. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
81
|
Li L and Clevers H: Coexistence of
quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals. Science.
327:542–545. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
82
|
Shih IM, Wang TL, Traverso G, et al:
Top-down morphogenesis of colorectal tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA. 98:2640–2645. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
83
|
Preston SL, Wong WM, Chan AO, et al:
Bottom-up histogenesis of colorectal adenomas: origin in the
monocryptal adenoma and initial expansion by crypt fission. Cancer
Res. 63:3819–3825. 2003.
|
84
|
Ward RJ and Dirks PB: Cancer stem cells:
at the headwaters of tumor development. Annu Rev Pathol. 2:175–189.
2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
85
|
Scheel C and Weinberg RA: Phenotypic
plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in cancer and
normal stem cells? Int J Cancer. 129:2310–2314. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
86
|
Roskams T: Liver stem cells and their
implication in hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. Oncogene.
25:3818–3822. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
87
|
El Marjou F, Janssen KP, Chang BH, et al:
Tissue-specific and inducible Cre-mediated recombination in the gut
epithelium. Genesis. 39:186–193. 2004.PubMed/NCBI
|
88
|
Haigis KM, Hoff PD, White A, Shoemaker AR,
Halberg RB and Dove WF: Tumor regionality in the mouse intestine
reflects the mechanism of loss of Apc function. Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA. 101:9769–9773. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
89
|
Shaked H, Hofseth LJ, Chumanevich A, et
al: Chronic epithelial NF-kappaB activation accelerates APC loss
and intestinal tumor initiation through iNOS up-regulation. Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:14007–14012. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
90
|
Kanneganti M, Mino-Kenudson M and
Mizoguchi E: Animal models of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. J
Biomed Biotechnol. 2011:3426372011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
91
|
Rowlatt C, Franks LM, Sheriff MU and
Chesterman FC: Naturally occurring tumors and other lesions of the
digestive tract in untreated C57BL mice. J Natl Cancer Inst.
43:1353–1364. 1969.PubMed/NCBI
|
92
|
Preston SL, Leedham SJ, Oukrif D, et al:
The development of duodenal microadenomas in FAP patients: the
human correlate of the Min mouse. J Pathol. 214:294–301. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
93
|
Sato T, van Es JH, Snippert HJ, et al:
Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal
crypts. Nature. 469:415–418. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
94
|
Clevers HC and Bevins CL: Paneth cells:
maestros of the small intestinal crypts. Annu Rev Physiol.
75:289–311. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
95
|
Tu S, Bhagat G, Cui G, et al:
Overexpression of interleukin 1β induces gastric inflammation and
cancer and mobilizes myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice.
Cancer Cell. 14:408–419. 2008.
|
96
|
Sturlan S, Oberhuber G, Beinhauer BG, et
al: Interleukin-10-deficient mice and inflammatory bowel disease
associated cancer development. Carcinogenesis. 22:665–671. 2001.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
97
|
Lala S, Ogura Y, Osborne C, et al: Crohn’s
disease and the NOD2 gene: a role for Paneth cells.
Gastroenterology. 125:47–57. 2003.
|
98
|
Medema JP and Vermeulen L:
Microenvironmental regulation of stem cells in intestinal
homeostasis and cancer. Nature. 474:318–326. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
99
|
Scadden DT: The stem-cell niche as an
entity of action. Nature. 441:1075–1079. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
|
100
|
Barcellos-Hoff MH, Lyden D and Wang TC:
The evolution of the cancer niche during multistage carcinogenesis.
Nat Rev Cancer. 13:511–518. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
|
101
|
Kemper K, Prasetyanti PR, De Lau W,
Rodermond H, Clevers H and Medema JP: Monoclonal antibodies against
Lgr5 identify human colorectal cancer stem cells. Stem Cells.
30:2378–2386. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
102
|
Vaishnava S, Behrendt CL, Ismail AS,
Eckmann L and Hooper LV: Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals
and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial
interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:20858–20863. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
103
|
Gum JR Jr, Hicks JW, Gillespie AM, et al:
Goblet cell-specific expression mediated by the MUC2 mucin gene
promoter in the intestine of transgenic mice. Am J Physiol.
276:G666–G676. 1999.PubMed/NCBI
|